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[simgrid.git] / src / bindings / python / simgrid_python.cpp
index 3556d98..d004949 100644 (file)
@@ -3,23 +3,16 @@
 /* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
  * under the terms of the license (GNU LGPL) which comes with this package. */
 
-#if defined(__GNUG__)
-#pragma GCC diagnostic push
-#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-value"
-#endif
-
 #include <pybind11/pybind11.h> // Must come before our own stuff
 
 #include <pybind11/functional.h>
 #include <pybind11/stl.h>
 
-#if defined(__GNUG__)
-#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
-#endif
-
 #include "simgrid/kernel/ProfileBuilder.hpp"
 #include "simgrid/kernel/routing/NetPoint.hpp"
+#include "simgrid/plugins/load.h"
 #include <simgrid/Exception.hpp>
+#include <simgrid/s4u/ActivitySet.hpp>
 #include <simgrid/s4u/Actor.hpp>
 #include <simgrid/s4u/Barrier.hpp>
 #include <simgrid/s4u/Comm.hpp>
 #include <simgrid/s4u/Engine.hpp>
 #include <simgrid/s4u/Exec.hpp>
 #include <simgrid/s4u/Host.hpp>
+#include <simgrid/s4u/Io.hpp>
 #include <simgrid/s4u/Link.hpp>
 #include <simgrid/s4u/Mailbox.hpp>
 #include <simgrid/s4u/Mutex.hpp>
 #include <simgrid/s4u/NetZone.hpp>
 #include <simgrid/s4u/Semaphore.hpp>
+#include <simgrid/s4u/Task.hpp>
 #include <simgrid/version.h>
 
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <vector>
 
 namespace py = pybind11;
+using simgrid::s4u::Activity;
+using simgrid::s4u::ActivityPtr;
+using simgrid::s4u::ActivitySet;
+using simgrid::s4u::ActivitySetPtr;
 using simgrid::s4u::Actor;
 using simgrid::s4u::ActorPtr;
 using simgrid::s4u::Barrier;
 using simgrid::s4u::BarrierPtr;
 using simgrid::s4u::Comm;
 using simgrid::s4u::CommPtr;
+using simgrid::s4u::CommTask;
+using simgrid::s4u::CommTaskPtr;
+using simgrid::s4u::Disk;
 using simgrid::s4u::Engine;
+using simgrid::s4u::ExecTask;
+using simgrid::s4u::ExecTaskPtr;
 using simgrid::s4u::Host;
+using simgrid::s4u::Io;
+using simgrid::s4u::IoTask;
+using simgrid::s4u::IoTaskPtr;
 using simgrid::s4u::Link;
 using simgrid::s4u::Mailbox;
 using simgrid::s4u::Mutex;
 using simgrid::s4u::MutexPtr;
 using simgrid::s4u::Semaphore;
 using simgrid::s4u::SemaphorePtr;
+using simgrid::s4u::Task;
+using simgrid::s4u::TaskPtr;
 
 XBT_LOG_NEW_DEFAULT_CATEGORY(python, "python");
 
@@ -67,15 +76,6 @@ std::string get_simgrid_version()
   sg_version_get(&major, &minor, &patch);
   return simgrid::xbt::string_printf("%i.%i.%i", major, minor, patch);
 }
-
-/** @brief Wrap for mailbox::get_async */
-class PyGetAsync {
-  std::unique_ptr<PyObject*> data = std::make_unique<PyObject*>();
-
-public:
-  PyObject** get() const { return data.get(); }
-};
-
 } // namespace
 
 PYBIND11_DECLARE_HOLDER_TYPE(T, boost::intrusive_ptr<T>)
@@ -118,14 +118,12 @@ PYBIND11_MODULE(simgrid, m)
            py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>())
       .def("exec_async", py::overload_cast<double>(&simgrid::s4u::this_actor::exec_async),
            py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>())
-      .def("parallel_execute", &simgrid::s4u::this_actor::parallel_execute,
-           py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
+      .def("parallel_execute", &simgrid::s4u::this_actor::parallel_execute, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
            "Run a parallel task (requires the 'ptask_L07' model)")
       .def("exec_init",
            py::overload_cast<const std::vector<simgrid::s4u::Host*>&, const std::vector<double>&,
-           const std::vector<double>&>  (&simgrid::s4u::this_actor::exec_init),
-           py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
-           "Initiate a parallel task (requires the 'ptask_L07' model)")
+                             const std::vector<double>&>(&simgrid::s4u::this_actor::exec_init),
+           py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), "Initiate a parallel task (requires the 'ptask_L07' model)")
       .def("get_host", &simgrid::s4u::this_actor::get_host, "Retrieves host on which the current actor is located")
       .def("set_host", &simgrid::s4u::this_actor::set_host, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
            "Moves the current actor to another host.", py::arg("dest"))
@@ -141,19 +139,19 @@ PYBIND11_MODULE(simgrid, m)
       .def("exit", &simgrid::s4u::this_actor::exit, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), "kill the current actor")
       .def(
           "on_exit",
-          [](py::object cb) {
-            py::function fun = py::reinterpret_borrow<py::function>(cb);
-            fun.inc_ref(); // FIXME: why is this needed for tests like actor-kill and actor-lifetime?
-            simgrid::s4u::this_actor::on_exit([fun](bool failed) {
-              py::gil_scoped_acquire py_context; // need a new context for callback
+          [](py::object fun) {
+            fun.inc_ref(); // keep alive after return
+            const py::gil_scoped_release gil_release;
+            simgrid::s4u::this_actor::on_exit([fun_p = fun.ptr()](bool failed) {
+              const py::gil_scoped_acquire py_context; // need a new context for callback
               try {
+                const auto fun = py::reinterpret_borrow<py::function>(fun_p);
                 fun(failed);
               } catch (const py::error_already_set& e) {
                 xbt_die("Error while executing the on_exit lambda: %s", e.what());
               }
             });
           },
-          py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
           "Define a lambda to be called when the actor ends. It takes a bool parameter indicating whether the actor "
           "was killed. If False, the actor finished peacefully.")
       .def("get_pid", &simgrid::s4u::this_actor::get_pid, "Retrieves PID of the current actor")
@@ -170,54 +168,16 @@ PYBIND11_MODULE(simgrid, m)
              return new simgrid::s4u::Engine(&argc, argv.data());
            }),
            "The constructor should take the parameters from the command line, as is ")
-      .def_static("get_clock",
-                  []() // XBT_ATTRIB_DEPRECATED_v334
-                  {
-                    PyErr_WarnEx(
-                        PyExc_DeprecationWarning,
-                        "get_clock() is deprecated and  will be dropped after v3.33, use `Engine.clock` instead.", 1);
-                    return Engine::get_clock();
-                  })
       .def_property_readonly_static(
           "clock", [](py::object /* self */) { return Engine::get_clock(); },
           "The simulation time, ie the amount of simulated seconds since the simulation start.")
       .def_property_readonly_static(
           "instance", [](py::object /* self */) { return Engine::get_instance(); }, "Retrieve the simulation engine")
-      .def("get_all_hosts",
-           [](py::object self) // XBT_ATTRIB_DEPRECATED_v334
-           {
-             PyErr_WarnEx(PyExc_DeprecationWarning,
-                          "get_all_hosts() is deprecated and  will be dropped after v3.33, use all_hosts instead.", 1);
-             return self.attr("all_hosts");
-           })
-      .def("host_by_name", &Engine::host_by_name_or_null, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
+      .def("host_by_name", &Engine::host_by_name_or_null,
            "Retrieve a host by its name, or None if it does not exist in the platform.")
       .def_property_readonly("all_hosts", &Engine::get_all_hosts, "Returns the list of all hosts found in the platform")
-      .def("get_all_links",
-           [](py::object self) // XBT_ATTRIB_DEPRECATED_v334
-           {
-             PyErr_WarnEx(PyExc_DeprecationWarning,
-                          "get_all_links() is deprecated and  will be dropped after v3.33, use all_links instead.", 1);
-             return self.attr("all_links");
-           })
       .def_property_readonly("all_links", &Engine::get_all_links, "Returns the list of all links found in the platform")
-      .def("get_all_netpoints",
-           [](py::object self) // XBT_ATTRIB_DEPRECATED_v334
-           {
-             PyErr_WarnEx(
-                 PyExc_DeprecationWarning,
-                 "get_all_netpoints() is deprecated and  will be dropped after v3.33, use all_netpoints instead.", 1);
-             return self.attr("all_netpoints");
-           })
       .def_property_readonly("all_netpoints", &Engine::get_all_netpoints)
-      .def("get_netzone_root",
-           [](py::object self) // XBT_ATTRIB_DEPRECATED_v334
-           {
-             PyErr_WarnEx(PyExc_DeprecationWarning,
-                          "get_netzone_root() is deprecated and  will be dropped after v3.3, use netzone_root instead.",
-                          1);
-             return self.attr("netzone_root");
-           })
       .def_property_readonly("netzone_root", &Engine::get_netzone_root,
                              "Retrieve the root netzone, containing all others.")
       .def("netpoint_by_name", &Engine::netpoint_by_name_or_null)
@@ -226,10 +186,8 @@ PYBIND11_MODULE(simgrid, m)
            "Change one of SimGrid's configurations")
       .def("load_platform", &Engine::load_platform, "Load a platform file describing the environment")
       .def("load_deployment", &Engine::load_deployment, "Load a deployment file and launch the actors that it contains")
-      .def("mailbox_by_name_or_create", &Engine::mailbox_by_name_or_create,
-           py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
-           py::arg("name"),
-           "Find a mailbox from its name or create one if it does not exist")
+      .def("mailbox_by_name_or_create", &Engine::mailbox_by_name_or_create, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
+           py::arg("name"), "Find a mailbox from its name or create one if it does not exist")
       .def("run", &Engine::run, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), "Run the simulation until its end")
       .def("run_until", py::overload_cast<double>(&Engine::run_until, py::const_),
            py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), "Run the simulation until the given date",
@@ -237,15 +195,18 @@ PYBIND11_MODULE(simgrid, m)
       .def(
           "register_actor",
           [](Engine* e, const std::string& name, py::object fun_or_class) {
-            e->register_actor(name, [fun_or_class](std::vector<std::string> args) {
-              py::gil_scoped_acquire py_context;
+            fun_or_class.inc_ref(); // keep alive after return
+            const py::gil_scoped_release gil_release;
+            e->register_actor(name, [fun_or_class_p = fun_or_class.ptr()](std::vector<std::string> args) {
+              const py::gil_scoped_acquire py_context;
               try {
                 /* Convert the std::vector into a py::tuple */
                 py::tuple params(args.size() - 1);
                 for (size_t i = 1; i < args.size(); i++)
                   params[i - 1] = py::cast(args[i]);
 
-                py::object res = fun_or_class(*params);
+                const auto fun_or_class = py::reinterpret_borrow<py::object>(fun_or_class_p);
+                py::object res          = fun_or_class(*params);
                 /* If I was passed a class, I just built an instance, so I need to call it now */
                 if (py::isinstance<py::function>(res))
                   res();
@@ -258,7 +219,8 @@ PYBIND11_MODULE(simgrid, m)
               }
             });
           },
-          "Registers the main function of an actor");
+          "Registers the main function of an actor")
+      .def("set_log_control", [](Engine*, const std::string& settings) { xbt_log_control_set(settings.c_str()); });
 
   /* Class Netzone */
   py::class_<simgrid::s4u::NetZone, std::unique_ptr<simgrid::s4u::NetZone, py::nodelete>> netzone(
@@ -274,10 +236,21 @@ PYBIND11_MODULE(simgrid, m)
       .def_static("create_empty_zone", &simgrid::s4u::create_empty_zone, "Creates a zone of type Empty")
       .def_static("create_wifi_zone", &simgrid::s4u::create_wifi_zone, "Creates a zone of type Wi-Fi")
       .def("add_route",
-           py::overload_cast<simgrid::kernel::routing::NetPoint*, simgrid::kernel::routing::NetPoint*,
-                             simgrid::kernel::routing::NetPoint*, simgrid::kernel::routing::NetPoint*,
+           py::overload_cast<const simgrid::s4u::Host*, const simgrid::s4u::Host*,
                              const std::vector<simgrid::s4u::LinkInRoute>&, bool>(&simgrid::s4u::NetZone::add_route),
-           "Add a route between 2 netpoints")
+           "Add a route between 2 hosts")
+      .def("add_route",
+           py::overload_cast<const simgrid::s4u::Host*, const simgrid::s4u::Host*,
+                             const std::vector<const simgrid::s4u::Link*>&>(&simgrid::s4u::NetZone::add_route),
+           "Add a route between 2 hosts")
+      .def("add_route",
+           py::overload_cast<const simgrid::s4u::NetZone*, const simgrid::s4u::NetZone*,
+                             const std::vector<simgrid::s4u::LinkInRoute>&, bool>(&simgrid::s4u::NetZone::add_route),
+           "Add a route between 2 netzones. The gateway of each zone gets used.")
+      .def("add_route",
+           py::overload_cast<const simgrid::s4u::NetZone*, const simgrid::s4u::NetZone*,
+                             const std::vector<const simgrid::s4u::Link*>&>(&simgrid::s4u::NetZone::add_route),
+           "Add a route between 2 netzones. The gateway of each zone gets used.")
       .def("create_host", py::overload_cast<const std::string&, double>(&simgrid::s4u::NetZone::create_host),
            "Creates a host")
       .def("create_host",
@@ -309,22 +282,22 @@ PYBIND11_MODULE(simgrid, m)
       .def("create_router", &simgrid::s4u::NetZone::create_router, "Create a router")
       .def("set_parent", &simgrid::s4u::NetZone::set_parent, "Set the parent of this zone")
       .def("set_property", &simgrid::s4u::NetZone::set_property, "Add a property to this zone")
-      .def("get_netpoint",
-           [](py::object self) // XBT_ATTRIB_DEPRECATED_v334
-           {
-             PyErr_WarnEx(PyExc_DeprecationWarning,
-                          "get_netpoint() is deprecated and  will be dropped after v3.33, use netpoint instead.", 1);
-             return self.attr("netpoint");
-           })
+      .def("set_gateway", py::overload_cast<const simgrid::s4u::Host*>(&simgrid::s4u::NetZone::set_gateway),
+           "Specify the gateway of this zone, to be used for inter-zone routes")
+      .def("set_gateway", py::overload_cast<simgrid::kernel::routing::NetPoint*>(&simgrid::s4u::NetZone::set_gateway),
+           "Specify the gateway of this zone, to be used for inter-zone routes")
       .def_property_readonly("netpoint", &simgrid::s4u::NetZone::get_netpoint,
                              "Retrieve the netpoint associated to this zone")
       .def("seal", &simgrid::s4u::NetZone::seal, "Seal this NetZone")
       .def_property_readonly("name", &simgrid::s4u::NetZone::get_name,
-                             "The name of this network zone (read-only property).");
+                             "The name of this network zone (read-only property).")
+      .def(
+          "__repr__", [](const simgrid::s4u::NetZone net) { return "NetZone(" + net.get_name() + ")"; },
+          "Textual representation of the NetZone");
 
   /* Class ClusterCallbacks */
   py::class_<simgrid::s4u::ClusterCallbacks>(m, "ClusterCallbacks", "Callbacks used to create cluster zones")
-      .def(py::init<const std::function<simgrid::s4u::ClusterCallbacks::ClusterNetPointCb>&,
+      .def(py::init<const std::function<simgrid::s4u::ClusterCallbacks::ClusterNetZoneCb>&,
                     const std::function<simgrid::s4u::ClusterCallbacks::ClusterLinkCb>&,
                     const std::function<simgrid::s4u::ClusterCallbacks::ClusterLinkCb>&>());
 
@@ -387,42 +360,11 @@ PYBIND11_MODULE(simgrid, m)
           "   \"\"\"\n\n"
           "The second function parameter is the periodicity: the time to wait after the last event to start again over "
           "the list. Set it to -1 to not loop over.")
-      .def("get_pstate_count",
-           [](py::object self) // XBT_ATTRIB_DEPRECATED_v334
-           {
-             PyErr_WarnEx(
-                 PyExc_DeprecationWarning,
-                 "get_pstate_count() is deprecated and  will be dropped after v3.33, use pstate_count instead.", 1);
-             return self.attr("pstate_count");
-           })
       .def_property_readonly("pstate_count", &Host::get_pstate_count, "Retrieve the count of defined pstate levels")
-      .def("get_pstate_speed",
-           [](py::object self, int state) // XBT_ATTRIB_DEPRECATED_v334
-           {
-             PyErr_WarnEx(
-                 PyExc_DeprecationWarning,
-                 "get_pstate_speed() is deprecated and  will be dropped after v3.33, use pstate_speed instead.", 1);
-             return self.attr("pstate_speed")(state);
-           })
-      .def("pstate_speed", &Host::get_pstate_speed, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
-           "Retrieve the maximal speed at the given pstate")
-      .def("get_netpoint",
-           [](py::object self) // XBT_ATTRIB_DEPRECATED_v334
-           {
-             PyErr_WarnEx(PyExc_DeprecationWarning,
-                          "get_netpoint() is deprecated and  will be dropped after v3.33, use netpoint instead.", 1);
-             return self.attr("netpoint");
-           })
+      .def("pstate_speed", &Host::get_pstate_speed, "Retrieve the maximal speed at the given pstate")
       .def_property_readonly("netpoint", &Host::get_netpoint, "Retrieve the netpoint associated to this zone")
+      .def_property_readonly("disks", &Host::get_disks, "The list of disks on this host (read-only).")
       .def("get_disks", &Host::get_disks, "Retrieve the list of disks in this host")
-      .def("set_core_count",
-           [](py::object self, double count) // XBT_ATTRIB_DEPRECATED_v334
-           {
-             PyErr_WarnEx(PyExc_DeprecationWarning,
-                          "set_core_count() is deprecated and  will be dropped after v3.33, use core_count instead.",
-                          1);
-             self.attr("core_count")(count);
-           })
       .def_property("core_count", &Host::get_core_count,
                     py::cpp_function(&Host::set_core_count, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>()),
                     "Manage the number of cores in the CPU")
@@ -436,6 +378,8 @@ PYBIND11_MODULE(simgrid, m)
            py::overload_cast<const std::string&, const std::string&, const std::string&>(&Host::create_disk),
            py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), "Create a disk")
       .def("seal", &Host::seal, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), "Seal this host")
+      .def("turn_off", &Host::turn_off, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), "Turn off this host")
+      .def("turn_on", &Host::turn_on, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), "Turn on this host")
       .def_property("pstate", &Host::get_pstate,
                     py::cpp_function(&Host::set_pstate, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>()),
                     "The current pstate (read/write property).")
@@ -456,22 +400,47 @@ PYBIND11_MODULE(simgrid, m)
       .def_static(
           "on_creation_cb",
           [](py::object cb) {
-            Host::on_creation_cb([cb](Host& h) {
-              py::function fun = py::reinterpret_borrow<py::function>(cb);
-              py::gil_scoped_acquire py_context; // need a new context for callback
+            cb.inc_ref(); // keep alive after return
+            const py::gil_scoped_release gil_release;
+            Host::on_creation_cb([cb_p = cb.ptr()](Host& h) {
+              const py::gil_scoped_acquire py_context; // need a new context for callback
               try {
+                const auto fun = py::reinterpret_borrow<py::function>(cb_p);
                 fun(&h);
               } catch (const py::error_already_set& e) {
                 xbt_die("Error while executing the on_creation lambda : %s", e.what());
               }
             });
           },
-          py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), "");
+          "")
+      .def(
+          "__repr__", [](const Host* h) { return "Host(" + h->get_name() + ")"; },
+          "Textual representation of the Host.");
+
+  m.def("sg_host_load_plugin_init", [host]() {
+    sg_host_load_plugin_init();
+
+    static_cast<pybind11::class_<simgrid::s4u::Host, std::unique_ptr<simgrid::s4u::Host, pybind11::nodelete>>>(host)
+        .def(
+            "reset_load", [](const Host* h) { sg_host_load_reset(h); }, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
+            "Reset counters of the host load plugin for this host.")
+        .def_property_readonly(
+            "current_load", [](const Host* h) { return sg_host_get_current_load(h); }, "Current load of the host.")
+        .def_property_readonly(
+            "avg_load", [](const Host* h) { return sg_host_get_avg_load(h); }, "Average load of the host.")
+        .def_property_readonly(
+            "idle_time", [](const Host* h) { return sg_host_get_idle_time(h); }, "Idle time of the host")
+        .def_property_readonly(
+            "total_idle_time", [](const Host* h) { return sg_host_get_total_idle_time(h); },
+            "Total idle time of the host.")
+        .def_property_readonly(
+            "computed_flops", [](const Host* h) { return sg_host_get_computed_flops(h); },
+            "Computed flops of the host.");
+  });
 
   py::enum_<simgrid::s4u::Host::SharingPolicy>(host, "SharingPolicy")
       .value("NONLINEAR", simgrid::s4u::Host::SharingPolicy::NONLINEAR)
-      .value("LINEAR", simgrid::s4u::Host::SharingPolicy::LINEAR)
-      .export_values();
+      .value("LINEAR", simgrid::s4u::Host::SharingPolicy::LINEAR);
 
   /* Class Disk */
   py::class_<simgrid::s4u::Disk, std::unique_ptr<simgrid::s4u::Disk, py::nodelete>> disk(
@@ -488,16 +457,17 @@ PYBIND11_MODULE(simgrid, m)
            "Set sharing policy for this disk", py::arg("op"), py::arg("policy"),
            py::arg("cb") = simgrid::s4u::NonLinearResourceCb())
       .def("seal", &simgrid::s4u::Disk::seal, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), "Seal this disk")
-      .def_property_readonly("name", &simgrid::s4u::Disk::get_name, "The name of this disk (read-only property).");
+      .def_property_readonly("name", &simgrid::s4u::Disk::get_name, "The name of this disk (read-only property).")
+      .def(
+          "__repr__", [](const Disk* d) { return "Disk(" + d->get_name() + ")"; },
+          "Textual representation of the Disk");
   py::enum_<simgrid::s4u::Disk::SharingPolicy>(disk, "SharingPolicy")
       .value("NONLINEAR", simgrid::s4u::Disk::SharingPolicy::NONLINEAR)
-      .value("LINEAR", simgrid::s4u::Disk::SharingPolicy::LINEAR)
-      .export_values();
+      .value("LINEAR", simgrid::s4u::Disk::SharingPolicy::LINEAR);
   py::enum_<simgrid::s4u::Disk::Operation>(disk, "Operation")
       .value("READ", simgrid::s4u::Disk::Operation::READ)
       .value("WRITE", simgrid::s4u::Disk::Operation::WRITE)
-      .value("READWRITE", simgrid::s4u::Disk::Operation::READWRITE)
-      .export_values();
+      .value("READWRITE", simgrid::s4u::Disk::Operation::READWRITE);
 
   /* Class NetPoint */
   py::class_<simgrid::kernel::routing::NetPoint, std::unique_ptr<simgrid::kernel::routing::NetPoint, py::nodelete>>
@@ -584,15 +554,22 @@ PYBIND11_MODULE(simgrid, m)
       .def_property_readonly("name", &Link::get_name, "The name of this link")
       .def_property_readonly("bandwidth", &Link::get_bandwidth,
                              "The bandwidth (in bytes per second) (read-only property).")
-      .def_property_readonly("latency", &Link::get_latency, "The latency (in seconds) (read-only property).");
-
+      .def_property_readonly("latency", &Link::get_latency, "The latency (in seconds) (read-only property).")
+      .def(
+          "__repr__", [](const Link* l) { return "Link(" + l->get_name() + ")"; },
+          "Textual representation of the Link");
   py::enum_<Link::SharingPolicy>(link, "SharingPolicy")
-      .value("NONLINEAR", Link::SharingPolicy::NONLINEAR)
-      .value("WIFI", Link::SharingPolicy::WIFI)
-      .value("SPLITDUPLEX", Link::SharingPolicy::SPLITDUPLEX)
-      .value("SHARED", Link::SharingPolicy::SHARED)
-      .value("FATPIPE", Link::SharingPolicy::FATPIPE)
-      .export_values();
+      .value("NONLINEAR", Link::SharingPolicy::NONLINEAR,
+             "This policy takes a callback that specifies the maximal capacity as a function of the number of usage. "
+             "See the examples with 'degradation' in their name.")
+      .value("WIFI", Link::SharingPolicy::WIFI, "Pseudo-sharing policy requesting wifi-specific sharing.")
+      .value("SPLITDUPLEX", Link::SharingPolicy::SPLITDUPLEX,
+             "Each link is split in 2, UP and DOWN, one per direction. These links are SHARED.")
+      .value("SHARED", Link::SharingPolicy::SHARED,
+             "The bandwidth is shared between all comms using that link, regardless of their direction.")
+      .value("FATPIPE", Link::SharingPolicy::FATPIPE,
+             "Each comm can use the link fully, with no sharing (only a maximum). This is intended to represent the "
+             "backbone links that cannot be saturated by concurrent links, but have a maximal bandwidth.");
 
   /* Class LinkInRoute */
   py::class_<simgrid::s4u::LinkInRoute> linkinroute(m, "LinkInRoute", "Abstraction to add link in routes");
@@ -601,122 +578,90 @@ PYBIND11_MODULE(simgrid, m)
   py::enum_<simgrid::s4u::LinkInRoute::Direction>(linkinroute, "Direction")
       .value("UP", simgrid::s4u::LinkInRoute::Direction::UP)
       .value("DOWN", simgrid::s4u::LinkInRoute::Direction::DOWN)
-      .value("NONE", simgrid::s4u::LinkInRoute::Direction::NONE)
-      .export_values();
+      .value("NONE", simgrid::s4u::LinkInRoute::Direction::NONE);
 
   /* Class Split-Duplex Link */
   py::class_<simgrid::s4u::SplitDuplexLink, Link, std::unique_ptr<simgrid::s4u::SplitDuplexLink, py::nodelete>>(
       m, "SplitDuplexLink", "Network split-duplex link")
-      .def("get_link_up",
-           [](py::object self) // XBT_ATTRIB_DEPRECATED_v334
-           {
-             PyErr_WarnEx(PyExc_DeprecationWarning,
-                          "get_link_up() is deprecated and  will be dropped after v3.33, use link_up instead.", 1);
-             return self.attr("link_up");
-           })
       .def_property_readonly("link_up", &simgrid::s4u::SplitDuplexLink::get_link_up, "Get link direction up")
-      .def("get_link_down",
-           [](py::object self) // XBT_ATTRIB_DEPRECATED_v334
-           {
-             PyErr_WarnEx(PyExc_DeprecationWarning,
-                          "get_link_down() is deprecated and  will be dropped after v3.33, use link_down instead.", 1);
-             return self.attr("link_down");
-           })
       .def_property_readonly("link_down", &simgrid::s4u::SplitDuplexLink::get_link_down, "Get link direction down");
 
   /* Class Mailbox */
   py::class_<simgrid::s4u::Mailbox, std::unique_ptr<Mailbox, py::nodelete>>(
       m, "Mailbox", "Mailbox. See the C++ documentation for details.")
       .def(
-          "__str__", [](const Mailbox* self) { return "Mailbox(" + self->get_name() + ")"; },
-          "Textual representation of the Mailbox`")
+          "__repr__", [](const Mailbox* self) { return "Mailbox(" + self->get_name() + ")"; },
+          "Textual representation of the Mailbox")
       .def_static("by_name", &Mailbox::by_name, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), py::arg("name"),
                   "Retrieve a Mailbox from its name")
       .def_property_readonly("name", &Mailbox::get_name, "The name of that mailbox (read-only property).")
-      .def_property_readonly("ready", &Mailbox::ready, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
+      .def_property_readonly("ready", &Mailbox::ready,
                              "Check if there is a communication ready to be consumed from a mailbox.")
       .def(
           "put",
           [](Mailbox* self, py::object data, uint64_t size, double timeout) {
-            data.inc_ref();
-            self->put(data.ptr(), size, timeout);
+            auto* data_ptr = data.inc_ref().ptr();
+            const py::gil_scoped_release gil_release;
+            self->put(data_ptr, size, timeout);
           },
-          py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), "Blocking data transmission with a timeout")
+          "Blocking data transmission with a timeout")
       .def(
           "put",
           [](Mailbox* self, py::object data, uint64_t size) {
-            data.inc_ref();
-            self->put(data.ptr(), size);
+            auto* data_ptr = data.inc_ref().ptr();
+            const py::gil_scoped_release gil_release;
+            self->put(data_ptr, size);
           },
-          py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), "Blocking data transmission")
+          "Blocking data transmission")
       .def(
           "put_async",
           [](Mailbox* self, py::object data, uint64_t size) {
-            data.inc_ref();
-            return self->put_async(data.ptr(), size);
+            auto* data_ptr = data.inc_ref().ptr();
+            const py::gil_scoped_release gil_release;
+            return self->put_async(data_ptr, size);
           },
-          py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), "Non-blocking data transmission")
+          "Non-blocking data transmission")
       .def(
           "put_init",
           [](Mailbox* self, py::object data, uint64_t size) {
-            data.inc_ref();
-            return self->put_init(data.ptr(), size);
+            auto* data_ptr = data.inc_ref().ptr();
+            const py::gil_scoped_release gil_release;
+            return self->put_init(data_ptr, size);
           },
-          py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), "Creates (but don’t start) a data transmission to that mailbox.")
+          "Creates (but don’t start) a data transmission to that mailbox.")
       .def(
-          "get",
-          [](Mailbox* self) {
-            py::object data = py::reinterpret_steal<py::object>(self->get<PyObject>());
-            // data.dec_ref(); // FIXME: why does it break python-actor-create?
-            return data;
-          },
+          "get", [](Mailbox* self) { return py::reinterpret_steal<py::object>(self->get<PyObject>()); },
           py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), "Blocking data reception")
       .def(
-          "get_async",
-          [](Mailbox* self) -> std::tuple<CommPtr, PyGetAsync> {
-            PyGetAsync wrap;
-            auto comm = self->get_async(wrap.get());
-            return std::make_tuple(std::move(comm), std::move(wrap));
-          },
+          "get_async", [](Mailbox* self) -> CommPtr { return self->get_async(); },
           py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
           "Non-blocking data reception. Use data.get() to get the python object after the communication has finished")
       .def("set_receiver", &Mailbox::set_receiver, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
            "Sets the actor as permanent receiver");
 
-  /* Class PyGetAsync */
-  py::class_<PyGetAsync>(m, "PyGetAsync", "Wrapper for async get communications")
-      .def(py::init<>())
-      .def(
-          "get", [](const PyGetAsync* self) { return py::reinterpret_steal<py::object>(*(self->get())); },
-          "Get python object after async communication in receiver side");
+  /* class Activity */
+  py::class_<Activity, ActivityPtr>(m, "Activity", "Activity. See the C++ documentation for details.");
 
   /* Class Comm */
-  py::class_<Comm, CommPtr>(m, "Comm", "Communication. See the C++ documentation for details.")
-      .def_property_readonly("dst_data_size", &Comm::get_dst_data_size,
-                             py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
+  py::class_<Comm, CommPtr, Activity>(m, "Comm", "Communication. See the C++ documentation for details.")
+      .def_property_readonly("dst_data_size", &Comm::get_dst_data_size, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
                              "Retrieve the size of the received data.")
-      .def_property_readonly("mailbox", &Comm::get_mailbox,
-                             py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
+      .def_property_readonly("mailbox", &Comm::get_mailbox, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
                              "Retrieve the mailbox on which this comm acts.")
-      .def_property_readonly("sender", &Comm::get_sender,
-                             py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>())
-      .def_property_readonly("state_str", &Comm::get_state_str,
-                             py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
+      .def_property_readonly("sender", &Comm::get_sender, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>())
+      .def_property_readonly("state_str", &Comm::get_state_str, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
                              "Retrieve the Comm state as string")
-      .def_property_readonly("remaining",  &Comm::get_remaining,
-                             py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
+      .def_property_readonly("remaining", &Comm::get_remaining, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
                              "Remaining amount of work that this Comm entails")
-      .def_property_readonly("start_time",  &Comm::get_start_time,
-                             py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
+      .def_property_readonly("start_time", &Comm::get_start_time, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
                              "Time at which this Comm started")
-      .def_property_readonly("finish_time",  &Comm::get_finish_time,
-                             py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
+      .def_property_readonly("finish_time", &Comm::get_finish_time, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
                              "Time at which this Comm finished")
-      .def("set_payload_size", &Comm::set_payload_size, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
-           py::arg("bytes"),
+      .def_property_readonly("is_suspended", &Comm::is_suspended, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
+                             "Whether this Comm is suspended")
+      .def("set_payload_size", &Comm::set_payload_size, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), py::arg("bytes"),
            "Specify the amount of bytes which exchange should be simulated.")
-      .def("set_rate", &Comm::set_rate, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
-           py::arg("rate"),
+      .def("set_rate", &Comm::set_rate, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), py::arg("rate"),
            "Sets the maximal communication rate (in byte/sec). Must be done before start")
       .def("cancel", &Comm::cancel, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
            py::return_value_policy::reference_internal, "Cancel the activity.")
@@ -731,63 +676,40 @@ PYBIND11_MODULE(simgrid, m)
            "Test whether the communication is terminated.")
       .def("wait", &Comm::wait, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
            "Block until the completion of that communication.")
-      .def("wait_for", &Comm::wait_for, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
-           py::arg("timeout"),
+      .def("wait_for", &Comm::wait_for, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), py::arg("timeout"),
            "Block until the completion of that communication, or raises TimeoutException after the specified timeout.")
-      .def("wait_until", &Comm::wait_until, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
-           py::arg("time_limit"),
+      .def("wait_until", &Comm::wait_until, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), py::arg("time_limit"),
            "Block until the completion of that communication, or raises TimeoutException after the specified time.")
+      .def(
+          "get_payload",
+          [](const Comm* self) { return py::reinterpret_steal<py::object>((PyObject*)self->get_payload()); },
+          py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
+          "Retrieve the message's payload of a get_async. You cannot call this until after the comm termination.")
       .def("detach", py::overload_cast<>(&Comm::detach), py::return_value_policy::reference_internal,
            py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
            "Start the comm, and ignore its result. It can be completely forgotten after that.")
-      .def_static("sendto", &Comm::sendto, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
-                  py::arg("from"), py::arg("to"), py::arg("simulated_size_in_bytes"),
-                  "Do a blocking communication between two arbitrary hosts.")
+      .def_static("sendto", &Comm::sendto, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), py::arg("from"), py::arg("to"),
+                  py::arg("simulated_size_in_bytes"), "Do a blocking communication between two arbitrary hosts.")
       .def_static("sendto_init", py::overload_cast<Host*, Host*>(&Comm::sendto_init),
-                  py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
-                  py::arg("from"), py::arg("to"),
+                  py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), py::arg("from"), py::arg("to"),
                   "Creates a communication between the two given hosts, bypassing the mailbox mechanism.")
-      .def_static("sendto_async", &Comm::sendto_async, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
-                  py::arg("from"), py::arg("to"), py::arg("simulated_size_in_bytes"),
+      .def_static("sendto_async", &Comm::sendto_async, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), py::arg("from"),
+                  py::arg("to"), py::arg("simulated_size_in_bytes"),
                   "Do a blocking communication between two arbitrary hosts.\n\nThis initializes a communication that "
                   "completely bypass the mailbox and actors mechanism. There is really no limit on the hosts involved. "
-                  "In particular, the actor does not have to be on one of the involved hosts.")
-      .def_static("test_any", &Comm::test_any,
-                  py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
-                  py::arg("comms"),
-                  "take a vector s4u::CommPtr and return the rank of the first finished one (or -1 if none is done)")
-      .def_static("wait_all", &Comm::wait_all, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
-                  py::arg("comms"),
-                  "Block until the completion of all communications in the list.")
-      .def_static("wait_all_for", &Comm::wait_all_for, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
-                  py::arg("comms"), py::arg("timeout"),
-                  "Block until the completion of all communications in the list, or raises TimeoutException after "
-                  "the specified timeout.")
-      .def_static("wait_any", &Comm::wait_any,
-                  py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
-                  py::arg("comms"),
-                  "Block until the completion of any communication in the list and return the index of the "
-                  "terminated one.")
-      .def_static("wait_any_for", &Comm::wait_any_for,
-                  py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
-                  py::arg("comms"), py::arg("timeout"),
-                  "Block until the completion of any communication in the list and return the index of the terminated "
-                  "one, or -1 if a timeout occurred.");
+                  "In particular, the actor does not have to be on one of the involved hosts.");
 
   /* Class Io */
-  py::class_<simgrid::s4u::Io, simgrid::s4u::IoPtr>(m, "Io", "I/O activities. See the C++ documentation for details.")
+  py::class_<simgrid::s4u::Io, simgrid::s4u::IoPtr, Activity>(m, "Io",
+                                                              "I/O activities. See the C++ documentation for details.")
       .def("test", &simgrid::s4u::Io::test, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
            "Test whether the I/O is terminated.")
       .def("wait", &simgrid::s4u::Io::wait, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
-           "Block until the completion of that I/O operation")
-      .def_static(
-          "wait_any_for", &simgrid::s4u::Io::wait_any_for, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
-          "Block until the completion of any I/O in the list (or timeout) and return the index of the terminated one.")
-      .def_static("wait_any", &simgrid::s4u::Io::wait_any, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
-                  "Block until the completion of any I/O in the list and return the index of the terminated one.");
+           "Block until the completion of that I/O operation");
 
   /* Class Exec */
-  py::class_<simgrid::s4u::Exec, simgrid::s4u::ExecPtr>(m, "Exec", "Execution. See the C++ documentation for details.")
+  py::class_<simgrid::s4u::Exec, simgrid::s4u::ExecPtr, Activity>(m, "Exec",
+                                                                  "Execution. See the C++ documentation for details.")
       .def_property_readonly("remaining", &simgrid::s4u::Exec::get_remaining, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
                              "Amount of flops that remain to be computed until completion (read-only property).")
       .def_property_readonly("remaining_ratio", &simgrid::s4u::Exec::get_remaining_ratio,
@@ -797,15 +719,17 @@ PYBIND11_MODULE(simgrid, m)
       .def_property("host", &simgrid::s4u::Exec::get_host, &simgrid::s4u::Exec::set_host,
                     "Host on which this execution runs. Only the first host is returned for parallel executions. "
                     "Changing this value migrates the execution.")
+      .def_property_readonly("is_suspended", &simgrid::s4u::Exec::is_suspended,
+                             py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), "Whether this Exec is suspended")
       .def("test", &simgrid::s4u::Exec::test, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
            "Test whether the execution is terminated.")
       .def("cancel", &simgrid::s4u::Exec::cancel, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), "Cancel that execution.")
       .def("start", &simgrid::s4u::Exec::start, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), "Start that execution.")
       .def("suspend", &simgrid::s4u::Exec::suspend, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), "Suspend that execution.")
+      .def("resume", &simgrid::s4u::Exec::resume, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), "Resume that execution.")
       .def("wait", &simgrid::s4u::Exec::wait, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
            "Block until the completion of that execution.")
-      .def("wait_for", &simgrid::s4u::Exec::wait_for, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
-           py::arg("timeout"),
+      .def("wait_for", &simgrid::s4u::Exec::wait_for, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), py::arg("timeout"),
            "Block until the completion of that activity, or raises TimeoutException after the specified timeout.");
 
   /* Class Semaphore */
@@ -819,8 +743,7 @@ PYBIND11_MODULE(simgrid, m)
       .def("acquire_timeout", &Semaphore::acquire_timeout, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), py::arg("timeout"),
            "Acquire on the semaphore object with no timeout. Blocks until the semaphore is acquired or return "
            "true if it has not been acquired after the specified timeout.")
-      .def("release", &Semaphore::release, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
-           "Release the semaphore.")
+      .def("release", &Semaphore::release, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), "Release the semaphore.")
       .def_property_readonly("capacity", &Semaphore::get_capacity, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
                              "Get the semaphore capacity.")
       .def_property_readonly("would_block", &Semaphore::would_block, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
@@ -835,19 +758,20 @@ PYBIND11_MODULE(simgrid, m)
   py::class_<Mutex, MutexPtr>(m, "Mutex",
                               "A classical mutex, but blocking in the simulation world."
                               "See the C++ documentation for details.")
-      .def(py::init<>(&Mutex::create), py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), "Mutex constructor.")
+      .def(py::init<>(&Mutex::create), py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
+           "Mutex constructor (pass True as a parameter to get a recursive Mutex).", py::arg("recursive") = false)
       .def("lock", &Mutex::lock, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), "Block until the mutex is acquired.")
       .def("try_lock", &Mutex::try_lock, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
            "Try to acquire the mutex. Return true if the mutex was acquired, false otherwise.")
       .def("unlock", &Mutex::unlock, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), "Release the mutex.")
       // Allow mutexes to be automatically acquired/released with a context manager: `with mutex: ...`
       .def("__enter__", &Mutex::lock, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>())
-      .def("__exit__", [](Mutex* self, const py::object&, const py::object&, const py::object&) { self->unlock(); },
-           py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>());
+      .def(
+          "__exit__", [](Mutex* self, const py::object&, const py::object&, const py::object&) { self->unlock(); },
+          py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>());
 
   /* Class Barrier */
-  py::class_<Barrier, BarrierPtr>(m, "Barrier",
-                                  "A classical barrier, but blocking in the simulation world.")
+  py::class_<Barrier, BarrierPtr>(m, "Barrier", "A classical barrier, but blocking in the simulation world.")
       .def(py::init<>(&Barrier::create), py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), py::arg("expected_actors"),
            "Barrier constructor.")
       .def("wait", &Barrier::wait, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
@@ -860,12 +784,15 @@ PYBIND11_MODULE(simgrid, m)
                                             "application. See the C++ documentation for details.")
       .def(
           "create",
-          [](py::str name, Host* h, py::object fun, py::args args) {
-            fun.inc_ref();  // FIXME: why is this needed for tests like exec-async, exec-dvfs and exec-remote?
-            args.inc_ref(); // FIXME: why is this needed for tests like actor-migrate?
-            return simgrid::s4u::Actor::create(name, h, [fun, args]() {
-              py::gil_scoped_acquire py_context;
+          [](const std::string& name, Host* h, py::object fun, py::args args) {
+            fun.inc_ref();  // keep alive after return
+            args.inc_ref(); // keep alive after return
+            const py::gil_scoped_release gil_release;
+            return simgrid::s4u::Actor::create(name, h, [fun_p = fun.ptr(), args_p = args.ptr()]() {
+              const py::gil_scoped_acquire py_context;
               try {
+                const auto fun  = py::reinterpret_borrow<py::object>(fun_p);
+                const auto args = py::reinterpret_borrow<py::args>(args_p);
                 fun(*args);
               } catch (const py::error_already_set& ex) {
                 if (ex.matches(pyForcefulKillEx)) {
@@ -876,7 +803,6 @@ PYBIND11_MODULE(simgrid, m)
               }
             });
           },
-          py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
           "Create an actor from a function or an object. See the :ref:`example <s4u_ex_actors_create>`.")
       .def_property(
           "host", &Actor::get_host, py::cpp_function(&Actor::set_host, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>()),
@@ -908,5 +834,142 @@ PYBIND11_MODULE(simgrid, m)
            "Suspend that actor, that is blocked until resume()ed by another actor.")
       .def("resume", &Actor::resume, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
            "Resume that actor, that was previously suspend()ed.")
-      .def_static("kill_all", &Actor::kill_all, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), "Kill all actors but the caller.");
+      .def_static("kill_all", &Actor::kill_all, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
+                  "Kill all actors but the caller.")
+      .def(
+          "__repr__", [](const ActorPtr a) { return "Actor(" + a->get_name() + ")"; },
+          "Textual representation of the Actor");
+
+  /* Enum Class IoOpType */
+  py::enum_<simgrid::s4u::Io::OpType>(m, "IoOpType")
+      .value("READ", simgrid::s4u::Io::OpType::READ)
+      .value("WRITE", simgrid::s4u::Io::OpType::WRITE);
+
+  /* Class Task */
+  py::class_<Task, TaskPtr>(m, "Task", "Task. See the C++ documentation for details.")
+      .def_static(
+          "on_start_cb",
+          [](py::object cb) {
+            cb.inc_ref(); // keep alive after return
+            const py::gil_scoped_release gil_release;
+            Task::on_start_cb([cb_p = cb.ptr()](Task* op) {
+              const py::gil_scoped_acquire py_context; // need a new context for callback
+              py::reinterpret_borrow<py::function>(cb_p)(op);
+            });
+          },
+          "Add a callback called when each task starts.")
+      .def_static(
+          "on_completion_cb",
+          [](py::object cb) {
+            cb.inc_ref(); // keep alive after return
+            const py::gil_scoped_release gil_release;
+            Task::on_completion_cb([cb_p = cb.ptr()](Task* op) {
+              const py::gil_scoped_acquire py_context; // need a new context for callback
+              py::reinterpret_borrow<py::function>(cb_p)(op);
+            });
+          },
+          "Add a callback called when each task ends.")
+      .def_property_readonly("name", &Task::get_name, "The name of this task (read-only).")
+      .def_property_readonly("successors", &Task::get_successors, "The successors of this task (read-only).")
+      .def_property("amount", &Task::get_amount, &Task::set_amount, "The amount of work to do for this task.")
+      .def(
+          "get_count", [](const TaskPtr t) { return t->get_count("instance_0"); },
+          "The execution count of this task instance_0.")
+      .def(
+          "get_count", [](const TaskPtr t, const std::string& instance) { return t->get_count(instance); },
+          "The execution count of this task instance.")
+      .def("enqueue_firings", py::overload_cast<int>(&Task::enqueue_firings), py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
+           py::arg("n"), "Enqueue firings for this task.")
+      .def("add_successor", py::overload_cast<TaskPtr>(&Task::add_successor), py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
+           py::arg("op"), "Add a successor to this task.")
+      .def("remove_successor", py::overload_cast<TaskPtr>(&Task::remove_successor),
+           py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), py::arg("op"), "Remove a successor of this task.")
+      .def("remove_all_successors", &Task::remove_all_successors, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
+           "Remove all successors of this task.")
+      .def("on_this_start_cb", py::overload_cast<const std::function<void(Task*)>&>(&Task::on_this_start_cb),
+           py::arg("func"), "Add a callback called when this task starts.")
+      .def("on_this_completion_cb", py::overload_cast<const std::function<void(Task*)>&>(&Task::on_this_completion_cb),
+           py::arg("func"), "Add a callback called when this task ends.")
+      .def(
+          "__repr__", [](const TaskPtr op) { return "Task(" + op->get_name() + ")"; },
+          "Textual representation of the Task");
+
+  /* Class CommTask */
+  py::class_<CommTask, CommTaskPtr, Task>(m, "CommTask", "Communication Task. See the C++ documentation for details.")
+      .def_static("init", py::overload_cast<const std::string&>(&CommTask::init),
+                  py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), py::arg("name"), "CommTask constructor")
+      .def_static("init", py::overload_cast<const std::string&, double, Host*, Host*>(&CommTask::init),
+                  py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), py::arg("name"), py::arg("bytes"), py::arg("source"),
+                  py::arg("destination"), "CommTask constructor")
+      .def_property("source", &CommTask::get_source, &CommTask::set_source, "The source of the communication.")
+      .def_property("destination", &CommTask::get_destination, &CommTask::set_destination,
+                    "The destination of the communication.")
+      .def_property("bytes", &CommTask::get_bytes, &CommTask::set_bytes, "The amount of bytes to send.")
+      .def(
+          "__repr__", [](const CommTaskPtr c) { return "CommTask(" + c->get_name() + ")"; },
+          "Textual representation of the CommTask");
+
+  /* Class ExecTask */
+  py::class_<ExecTask, ExecTaskPtr, Task>(m, "ExecTask", "Execution Task. See the C++ documentation for details.")
+      .def_static("init", py::overload_cast<const std::string&>(&ExecTask::init),
+                  py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), py::arg("name"), "ExecTask constructor")
+      .def_static("init", py::overload_cast<const std::string&, double, Host*>(&ExecTask::init),
+                  py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), py::arg("name"), py::arg("flops"), py::arg("host"),
+                  "CommTask constructor.")
+      .def_property("host", &ExecTask::get_host, &ExecTask::set_host, "The host of the execution.")
+      .def_property("flops", &ExecTask::get_flops, &ExecTask::set_flops, "The amount of flops to execute.")
+      .def(
+          "__repr__", [](const ExecTaskPtr e) { return "ExecTask(" + e->get_name() + ")"; },
+          "Textual representation of the ExecTask");
+
+  /* Class IoTask */
+  py::class_<IoTask, IoTaskPtr, Task>(m, "IoTask", "IO Task. See the C++ documentation for details.")
+      .def_static("init", py::overload_cast<const std::string&>(&IoTask::init),
+                  py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), py::arg("name"), "IoTask constructor")
+      .def_static("init", py::overload_cast<const std::string&, double, Disk*, Io::OpType>(&IoTask::init),
+                  py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), py::arg("name"), py::arg("bytes"), py::arg("disk"),
+                  py::arg("type"), "IoTask constructor.")
+      .def_property("disk", &IoTask::get_disk, &IoTask::set_disk, "The disk of the IO.")
+      .def_property("bytes", &IoTask::get_bytes, &IoTask::set_bytes, "The amount of bytes to process.")
+      .def_property("type", &IoTask::get_bytes, &IoTask::set_bytes, "The type of IO.")
+      .def(
+          "__repr__", [](const IoTaskPtr io) { return "IoTask(" + io->get_name() + ")"; },
+          "Textual representation of the IoTask");
+
+  /* Class ActivitySet */
+  py::class_<ActivitySet, ActivitySetPtr>(m, "ActivitySet", "ActivitySet. See the C++ documentation for details.")
+      .def(py::init([](std::vector<simgrid::s4u::ActivityPtr> activities) {
+             auto* ret = new ActivitySet();
+             for (auto a : activities)
+               ret->push(a);
+             return ActivitySetPtr(ret);
+           }),
+           "The constructor should take the parameters from the command line, as is ")
+      .def(py::init([]() { return ActivitySetPtr(new ActivitySet()); }),
+           "The constructor should take the parameters from the command line, as is ")
+
+      .def("push", &ActivitySet::push, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), py::arg("activity"),
+           "Add an activity to the set")
+      .def("erase", &ActivitySet::erase, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), py::arg("activity"),
+           "Remove that activity from the set")
+      .def_property_readonly("size", &ActivitySet::size, "Count of activities in the set")
+      .def("empty", &ActivitySet::empty, "Returns whether the set is empty")
+      .def("has_failed_activities", &ActivitySet::has_failed_activities,
+           "Returns whether there is any failed activities")
+      .def("get_failed_activity", &ActivitySet::get_failed_activity, "Returns a failed activity from the set, or None")
+
+      .def("wait_all_for", &ActivitySet::wait_all_for, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), py::arg("timeout"),
+           "Wait for the completion of all activities in the set, but not longer than the provided timeout")
+      .def("wait_all", &ActivitySet::wait_all, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
+           "Wait for the completion of all activities in the set, endlessly")
+      .def("test_any", &ActivitySet::test_any, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
+           "Returns the first terminated activity if any, or None if no activity is terminated")
+      .def("wait_any_for", &ActivitySet::wait_any_for, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), py::arg("timeout"),
+           "Wait for the completion of one activity in the set, but not longer than the provided timeout")
+      .def("wait_any", &ActivitySet::wait_any, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
+           "Wait for the completion of one activity in the set, endlessly")
+
+      .def(
+          "__repr__", [](const ActivitySetPtr as) { return "ActivitySet([...])"; },
+          "Textual representation of the ActivitySet");
 }