1 /* Copyright (c) 2008-2013. The SimGrid Team.
2 * All rights reserved. */
4 /* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
5 * under the terms of the license (GNU LGPL) which comes with this package. */
13 #include "simgrid/sg_config.h"
14 #include "../surf/surf_private.h"
15 #include "../simix/smx_private.h"
16 #include "../xbt/mmalloc/mmprivate.h"
18 #include "mc_private.h"
19 #include "xbt/automaton.h"
22 XBT_LOG_NEW_CATEGORY(mc, "All MC categories");
23 XBT_LOG_NEW_DEFAULT_SUBCATEGORY(mc_global, mc,
24 "Logging specific to MC (global)");
26 /* Configuration support */
27 e_mc_reduce_t mc_reduce_kind=e_mc_reduce_unset;
29 int _sg_do_model_check = 0;
30 int _sg_mc_checkpoint=0;
31 char* _sg_mc_property_file=NULL;
34 int _sg_mc_max_depth=1000;
36 char *_sg_mc_dot_output_file = NULL;
38 int user_max_depth_reached = 0;
40 void _mc_cfg_cb_reduce(const char *name, int pos) {
41 if (_sg_cfg_init_status && !_sg_do_model_check) {
42 xbt_die("You are specifying a reduction strategy after the initialization (through MSG_config?), but model-checking was not activated at config time (through --cfg=model-check:1). This won't work, sorry.");
44 char *val= xbt_cfg_get_string(_sg_cfg_set, name);
45 if (!strcasecmp(val,"none")) {
46 mc_reduce_kind = e_mc_reduce_none;
47 } else if (!strcasecmp(val,"dpor")) {
48 mc_reduce_kind = e_mc_reduce_dpor;
50 xbt_die("configuration option %s can only take 'none' or 'dpor' as a value",name);
54 void _mc_cfg_cb_checkpoint(const char *name, int pos) {
55 if (_sg_cfg_init_status && !_sg_do_model_check) {
56 xbt_die("You are specifying a checkpointing value after the initialization (through MSG_config?), but model-checking was not activated at config time (through --cfg=model-check:1). This won't work, sorry.");
58 _sg_mc_checkpoint = xbt_cfg_get_int(_sg_cfg_set, name);
60 void _mc_cfg_cb_property(const char *name, int pos) {
61 if (_sg_cfg_init_status && !_sg_do_model_check) {
62 xbt_die("You are specifying a property after the initialization (through MSG_config?), but model-checking was not activated at config time (through --cfg=model-check:1). This won't work, sorry.");
64 _sg_mc_property_file= xbt_cfg_get_string(_sg_cfg_set, name);
67 void _mc_cfg_cb_timeout(const char *name, int pos) {
68 if (_sg_cfg_init_status && !_sg_do_model_check) {
69 xbt_die("You are specifying a value to enable/disable timeout for wait requests after the initialization (through MSG_config?), but model-checking was not activated at config time (through --cfg=model-check:1). This won't work, sorry.");
71 _sg_mc_timeout= xbt_cfg_get_boolean(_sg_cfg_set, name);
74 void _mc_cfg_cb_hash(const char *name, int pos) {
75 if (_sg_cfg_init_status && !_sg_do_model_check) {
76 xbt_die("You are specifying a value to enable/disable the use of global hash to speedup state comparaison, but model-checking was not activated at config time (through --cfg=model-check:1). This won't work, sorry.");
78 _sg_mc_hash= xbt_cfg_get_boolean(_sg_cfg_set, name);
81 void _mc_cfg_cb_max_depth(const char *name, int pos) {
82 if (_sg_cfg_init_status && !_sg_do_model_check) {
83 xbt_die("You are specifying a max depth value after the initialization (through MSG_config?), but model-checking was not activated at config time (through --cfg=model-check:1). This won't work, sorry.");
85 _sg_mc_max_depth= xbt_cfg_get_int(_sg_cfg_set, name);
88 void _mc_cfg_cb_visited(const char *name, int pos) {
89 if (_sg_cfg_init_status && !_sg_do_model_check) {
90 xbt_die("You are specifying a number of stored visited states after the initialization (through MSG_config?), but model-checking was not activated at config time (through --cfg=model-check:1). This won't work, sorry.");
92 _sg_mc_visited= xbt_cfg_get_int(_sg_cfg_set, name);
95 void _mc_cfg_cb_dot_output(const char *name, int pos) {
96 if (_sg_cfg_init_status && !_sg_do_model_check) {
97 xbt_die("You are specifying a file name for a dot output of graph state after the initialization (through MSG_config?), but model-checking was not activated at config time (through --cfg=model-check:1). This won't work, sorry.");
99 _sg_mc_dot_output_file= xbt_cfg_get_string(_sg_cfg_set, name);
102 /* MC global data structures */
103 mc_state_t mc_current_state = NULL;
104 char mc_replay_mode = FALSE;
105 double *mc_time = NULL;
106 __thread mc_comparison_times_t mc_comp_times = NULL;
107 __thread double mc_snapshot_comparison_time;
108 mc_stats_t mc_stats = NULL;
111 xbt_fifo_t mc_stack_safety = NULL;
112 mc_global_t initial_state_safety = NULL;
115 xbt_fifo_t mc_stack_liveness = NULL;
116 mc_global_t initial_state_liveness = NULL;
119 xbt_automaton_t _mc_property_automaton = NULL;
122 mc_object_info_t mc_libsimgrid_info = NULL;
123 mc_object_info_t mc_binary_info = NULL;
125 /* Ignore mechanism */
126 extern xbt_dynar_t mc_heap_comparison_ignore;
127 extern xbt_dynar_t stacks_areas;
130 FILE *dot_output = NULL;
131 const char* colors[13];
134 /******************************* DWARF Information *******************************/
135 /**********************************************************************************/
137 /************************** Free functions *************************/
139 static void dw_location_free(dw_location_t l){
141 if(l->type == e_dw_loclist)
142 xbt_dynar_free(&(l->location.loclist));
143 else if(l->type == e_dw_compose)
144 xbt_dynar_free(&(l->location.compose));
145 else if(l->type == e_dw_arithmetic)
146 xbt_free(l->location.arithmetic);
152 static void dw_location_entry_free(dw_location_entry_t e){
153 dw_location_free(e->location);
157 void dw_type_free(dw_type_t t){
159 xbt_free(t->dw_type_id);
160 xbt_dynar_free(&(t->members));
164 static void dw_type_free_voidp(void *t){
165 dw_type_free((dw_type_t) * (void **) t);
168 void dw_variable_free(dw_variable_t v){
171 xbt_free(v->type_origin);
173 dw_location_free(v->location);
178 void dw_variable_free_voidp(void *t){
179 dw_variable_free((dw_variable_t) * (void **) t);
184 mc_object_info_t MC_new_object_info(void) {
185 mc_object_info_t res = xbt_new0(s_mc_object_info_t, 1);
186 res->subprograms = xbt_dynar_new(sizeof(dw_frame_t), NULL);
187 res->global_variables = xbt_dynar_new(sizeof(dw_variable_t), dw_variable_free_voidp);
188 res->types = xbt_dict_new_homogeneous(NULL);
189 res->types_by_name = xbt_dict_new_homogeneous(NULL);
193 void MC_free_object_info(mc_object_info_t* info) {
194 xbt_free(&(*info)->file_name);
195 xbt_dynar_free(&(*info)->subprograms);
196 xbt_dynar_free(&(*info)->global_variables);
197 xbt_dict_free(&(*info)->types);
198 xbt_dict_free(&(*info)->types_by_name);
200 xbt_dynar_free(&(*info)->functions_index);
206 void* MC_object_base_address(mc_object_info_t info) {
207 void* result = info->start_exec;
208 if(info->start_rw!=NULL && result > (void*) info->start_rw) result = info->start_rw;
209 if(info->start_ro!=NULL && result > (void*) info->start_ro) result = info->start_ro;
213 // ***** Functions index
215 static int MC_compare_frame_index_items(mc_function_index_item_t a, mc_function_index_item_t b) {
216 if(a->low_pc < b->low_pc)
218 else if(a->low_pc == b->low_pc)
224 static void MC_make_functions_index(mc_object_info_t info) {
225 xbt_dynar_t index = xbt_dynar_new(sizeof(s_mc_function_index_item_t), NULL);
227 // Populate the array:
228 dw_frame_t frame = NULL;
230 xbt_dynar_foreach(info->subprograms, cursor, frame) {
231 if(frame->low_pc==NULL)
233 s_mc_function_index_item_t entry;
234 entry.low_pc = frame->low_pc;
235 entry.high_pc = frame->high_pc;
236 entry.function = frame;
237 xbt_dynar_push(index, &entry);
240 mc_function_index_item_t base = (mc_function_index_item_t) xbt_dynar_get_ptr(index, 0);
242 // Sort the array by low_pc:
244 xbt_dynar_length(index),
245 sizeof(s_mc_function_index_item_t),
246 (int (*)(const void *, const void *))MC_compare_frame_index_items);
248 info->functions_index = index;
251 mc_object_info_t MC_ip_find_object_info(void* ip) {
252 mc_object_info_t infos[2] = { mc_binary_info, mc_libsimgrid_info };
255 for(i=0; i!=n; ++i) {
256 if(ip >= (void*)infos[i]->start_exec && ip <= (void*)infos[i]->end_exec) {
263 static dw_frame_t MC_find_function_by_ip_and_object(void* ip, mc_object_info_t info) {
264 xbt_dynar_t dynar = info->functions_index;
265 mc_function_index_item_t base = (mc_function_index_item_t) xbt_dynar_get_ptr(dynar, 0);
267 int j = xbt_dynar_length(dynar) - 1;
269 int k = i + ((j-i)/2);
270 if(ip < base[k].low_pc) {
272 } else if(ip > base[k].high_pc) {
275 return base[k].function;
281 dw_frame_t MC_find_function_by_ip(void* ip) {
282 mc_object_info_t info = MC_ip_find_object_info(ip);
286 return MC_find_function_by_ip_and_object(ip, info);
289 static void MC_post_process_variables(mc_object_info_t info) {
291 dw_variable_t variable = NULL;
292 xbt_dynar_foreach(info->global_variables, cursor, variable) {
293 if(variable->type_origin) {
294 variable->type = xbt_dict_get_or_null(info->types, variable->type_origin);
299 static void MC_post_process_functions(mc_object_info_t info) {
301 dw_frame_t function = NULL;
302 xbt_dynar_foreach(info->subprograms, cursor, function) {
303 unsigned cursor2 = 0;
304 dw_variable_t variable = NULL;
305 xbt_dynar_foreach(function->variables, cursor2, variable) {
306 if(variable->type_origin) {
307 variable->type = xbt_dict_get_or_null(info->types, variable->type_origin);
313 /** \brief Finds informations about a given shared object/executable */
314 mc_object_info_t MC_find_object_info(memory_map_t maps, char* name, int executable) {
315 mc_object_info_t result = MC_new_object_info();
317 result->flags |= MC_OBJECT_INFO_EXECUTABLE;
318 result->file_name = xbt_strdup(name);
319 MC_find_object_address(maps, result);
320 MC_dwarf_get_variables(result);
321 MC_post_process_types(result);
322 MC_post_process_variables(result);
323 MC_post_process_functions(result);
324 MC_make_functions_index(result);
328 /*************************************************************************/
330 static dw_location_t MC_dwarf_get_location(xbt_dict_t location_list, char *expr){
332 dw_location_t loc = xbt_new0(s_dw_location_t, 1);
334 if(location_list != NULL){
336 char *key = bprintf("%d", (int)strtoul(expr, NULL, 16));
337 loc->type = e_dw_loclist;
338 loc->location.loclist = (xbt_dynar_t)xbt_dict_get_or_null(location_list, key);
339 if(loc->location.loclist == NULL)
340 XBT_INFO("Key not found in loclist");
347 char *tok = NULL, *tok2 = NULL;
349 xbt_dynar_t tokens1 = xbt_str_split(expr, ";");
352 loc->type = e_dw_compose;
353 loc->location.compose = xbt_dynar_new(sizeof(dw_location_t), NULL);
355 while(cursor < xbt_dynar_length(tokens1)){
357 tok = xbt_dynar_get_as(tokens1, cursor, char*);
358 tokens2 = xbt_str_split(tok, " ");
359 tok2 = xbt_dynar_get_as(tokens2, 0, char*);
361 if(strncmp(tok2, "DW_OP_reg", 9) == 0){
362 dw_location_t new_element = xbt_new0(s_dw_location_t, 1);
363 new_element->type = e_dw_register;
364 new_element->location.reg = atoi(strtok(tok2, "DW_OP_reg"));
365 xbt_dynar_push(loc->location.compose, &new_element);
366 }else if(strcmp(tok2, "DW_OP_fbreg:") == 0){
367 dw_location_t new_element = xbt_new0(s_dw_location_t, 1);
368 new_element->type = e_dw_fbregister_op;
369 new_element->location.fbreg_op = atoi(xbt_dynar_get_as(tokens2, xbt_dynar_length(tokens2) - 1, char*));
370 xbt_dynar_push(loc->location.compose, &new_element);
371 }else if(strncmp(tok2, "DW_OP_breg", 10) == 0){
372 dw_location_t new_element = xbt_new0(s_dw_location_t, 1);
373 new_element->type = e_dw_bregister_op;
374 new_element->location.breg_op.reg = atoi(strtok(tok2, "DW_OP_breg"));
375 new_element->location.breg_op.offset = atoi(xbt_dynar_get_as(tokens2, xbt_dynar_length(tokens2) - 1, char*));
376 xbt_dynar_push(loc->location.compose, &new_element);
377 }else if(strncmp(tok2, "DW_OP_lit", 9) == 0){
378 dw_location_t new_element = xbt_new0(s_dw_location_t, 1);
379 new_element->type = e_dw_lit;
380 new_element->location.lit = atoi(strtok(tok2, "DW_OP_lit"));
381 xbt_dynar_push(loc->location.compose, &new_element);
382 }else if(strcmp(tok2, "DW_OP_piece:") == 0){
383 dw_location_t new_element = xbt_new0(s_dw_location_t, 1);
384 new_element->type = e_dw_piece;
385 new_element->location.piece = atoi(xbt_dynar_get_as(tokens2, xbt_dynar_length(tokens2) - 1, char*));
386 xbt_dynar_push(loc->location.compose, &new_element);
387 }else if(strcmp(tok2, "DW_OP_plus_uconst:") == 0){
388 dw_location_t new_element = xbt_new0(s_dw_location_t, 1);
389 new_element->type = e_dw_plus_uconst;
390 new_element->location.plus_uconst = atoi(xbt_dynar_get_as(tokens2, xbt_dynar_length(tokens2) - 1, char *));
391 xbt_dynar_push(loc->location.compose, &new_element);
392 }else if(strcmp(tok, "DW_OP_abs") == 0 ||
393 strcmp(tok, "DW_OP_and") == 0 ||
394 strcmp(tok, "DW_OP_div") == 0 ||
395 strcmp(tok, "DW_OP_minus") == 0 ||
396 strcmp(tok, "DW_OP_mod") == 0 ||
397 strcmp(tok, "DW_OP_mul") == 0 ||
398 strcmp(tok, "DW_OP_neg") == 0 ||
399 strcmp(tok, "DW_OP_not") == 0 ||
400 strcmp(tok, "DW_OP_or") == 0 ||
401 strcmp(tok, "DW_OP_plus") == 0){
402 dw_location_t new_element = xbt_new0(s_dw_location_t, 1);
403 new_element->type = e_dw_arithmetic;
404 new_element->location.arithmetic = strdup(strtok(tok2, "DW_OP_"));
405 xbt_dynar_push(loc->location.compose, &new_element);
406 }else if(strcmp(tok, "DW_OP_stack_value") == 0){
407 }else if(strcmp(tok2, "DW_OP_deref_size:") == 0){
408 dw_location_t new_element = xbt_new0(s_dw_location_t, 1);
409 new_element->type = e_dw_deref;
410 new_element->location.deref_size = (unsigned int short) atoi(xbt_dynar_get_as(tokens2, xbt_dynar_length(tokens2) - 1, char*));
411 xbt_dynar_push(loc->location.compose, &new_element);
412 }else if(strcmp(tok, "DW_OP_deref") == 0){
413 dw_location_t new_element = xbt_new0(s_dw_location_t, 1);
414 new_element->type = e_dw_deref;
415 new_element->location.deref_size = sizeof(void *);
416 xbt_dynar_push(loc->location.compose, &new_element);
417 }else if(strcmp(tok2, "DW_OP_constu:") == 0){
418 dw_location_t new_element = xbt_new0(s_dw_location_t, 1);
419 new_element->type = e_dw_uconstant;
420 new_element->location.uconstant.bytes = 1;
421 new_element->location.uconstant.value = (unsigned long int)(atoi(xbt_dynar_get_as(tokens2, xbt_dynar_length(tokens2) - 1, char*)));
422 xbt_dynar_push(loc->location.compose, &new_element);
423 }else if(strcmp(tok2, "DW_OP_consts:") == 0){
424 dw_location_t new_element = xbt_new0(s_dw_location_t, 1);
425 new_element->type = e_dw_sconstant;
426 new_element->location.sconstant.bytes = 1;
427 new_element->location.sconstant.value = (long int)(atoi(xbt_dynar_get_as(tokens2, xbt_dynar_length(tokens2) - 1, char*)));
428 xbt_dynar_push(loc->location.compose, &new_element);
429 }else if(strcmp(tok2, "DW_OP_const1u:") == 0 ||
430 strcmp(tok2, "DW_OP_const2u:") == 0 ||
431 strcmp(tok2, "DW_OP_const4u:") == 0 ||
432 strcmp(tok2, "DW_OP_const8u:") == 0){
433 dw_location_t new_element = xbt_new0(s_dw_location_t, 1);
434 new_element->type = e_dw_uconstant;
435 new_element->location.uconstant.bytes = tok2[11] - '0';
436 new_element->location.uconstant.value = (unsigned long int)(atoi(xbt_dynar_get_as(tokens2, xbt_dynar_length(tokens2) - 1, char*)));
437 xbt_dynar_push(loc->location.compose, &new_element);
438 }else if(strcmp(tok, "DW_OP_const1s") == 0 ||
439 strcmp(tok, "DW_OP_const2s") == 0 ||
440 strcmp(tok, "DW_OP_const4s") == 0 ||
441 strcmp(tok, "DW_OP_const8s") == 0){
442 dw_location_t new_element = xbt_new0(s_dw_location_t, 1);
443 new_element->type = e_dw_sconstant;
444 new_element->location.sconstant.bytes = tok2[11] - '0';
445 new_element->location.sconstant.value = (long int)(atoi(xbt_dynar_get_as(tokens2, xbt_dynar_length(tokens2) - 1, char*)));
446 xbt_dynar_push(loc->location.compose, &new_element);
448 dw_location_t new_element = xbt_new0(s_dw_location_t, 1);
449 new_element->type = e_dw_unsupported;
450 xbt_dynar_push(loc->location.compose, &new_element);
454 xbt_dynar_free(&tokens2);
458 xbt_dynar_free(&tokens1);
467 /** \brief Finds a frame (DW_TAG_subprogram) from an DWARF offset in the rangd of this subprogram
469 * The offset can be an offset of a child DW_TAG_variable.
471 static dw_frame_t MC_dwarf_get_frame_by_offset(xbt_dict_t all_variables, unsigned long int offset){
473 xbt_dict_cursor_t cursor = NULL;
477 xbt_dict_foreach(all_variables, cursor, name, res) {
478 if(offset >= res->start && offset < res->end){
479 xbt_dict_cursor_free(&cursor);
484 xbt_dict_cursor_free(&cursor);
489 static dw_variable_t MC_dwarf_get_variable_by_name(dw_frame_t frame, char *var){
491 unsigned int cursor = 0;
492 dw_variable_t current_var;
494 xbt_dynar_foreach(frame->variables, cursor, current_var){
495 if(strcmp(var, current_var->name) == 0)
502 static int MC_dwarf_get_variable_index(xbt_dynar_t variables, char* var, void *address){
504 if(xbt_dynar_is_empty(variables))
507 unsigned int cursor = 0;
509 int end = xbt_dynar_length(variables) - 1;
510 dw_variable_t var_test = NULL;
513 cursor = (start + end) / 2;
514 var_test = (dw_variable_t)xbt_dynar_get_as(variables, cursor, dw_variable_t);
515 if(strcmp(var_test->name, var) < 0){
517 }else if(strcmp(var_test->name, var) > 0){
520 if(address){ /* global variable */
521 if(var_test->address == address)
523 if(var_test->address > address)
527 }else{ /* local variable */
533 if(strcmp(var_test->name, var) == 0){
534 if(address && var_test->address < address)
538 }else if(strcmp(var_test->name, var) < 0)
545 void MC_dwarf_register_global_variable(mc_object_info_t info, dw_variable_t variable) {
546 int index = MC_dwarf_get_variable_index(info->global_variables, variable->name, variable->address);
548 xbt_dynar_insert_at(info->global_variables, index, &variable);
552 void MC_dwarf_register_non_global_variable(mc_object_info_t info, dw_frame_t frame, dw_variable_t variable) {
553 xbt_assert(frame, "Frame is NULL");
554 int index = MC_dwarf_get_variable_index(frame->variables, variable->name, NULL);
556 xbt_dynar_insert_at(frame->variables, index, &variable);
560 void MC_dwarf_register_variable(mc_object_info_t info, dw_frame_t frame, dw_variable_t variable) {
562 MC_dwarf_register_global_variable(info, variable);
564 xbt_die("No frame for this local variable");
566 MC_dwarf_register_non_global_variable(info, frame, variable);
570 /******************************* Ignore mechanism *******************************/
571 /*********************************************************************************/
573 xbt_dynar_t mc_checkpoint_ignore;
575 typedef struct s_mc_stack_ignore_variable{
578 }s_mc_stack_ignore_variable_t, *mc_stack_ignore_variable_t;
580 /**************************** Free functions ******************************/
582 static void stack_ignore_variable_free(mc_stack_ignore_variable_t v){
583 xbt_free(v->var_name);
588 static void stack_ignore_variable_free_voidp(void *v){
589 stack_ignore_variable_free((mc_stack_ignore_variable_t) * (void **) v);
592 void heap_ignore_region_free(mc_heap_ignore_region_t r){
596 void heap_ignore_region_free_voidp(void *r){
597 heap_ignore_region_free((mc_heap_ignore_region_t) * (void **) r);
600 static void checkpoint_ignore_region_free(mc_checkpoint_ignore_region_t r){
604 static void checkpoint_ignore_region_free_voidp(void *r){
605 checkpoint_ignore_region_free((mc_checkpoint_ignore_region_t) * (void **) r);
608 /***********************************************************************/
610 void MC_ignore_heap(void *address, size_t size){
612 int raw_mem_set = (mmalloc_get_current_heap() == raw_heap);
616 mc_heap_ignore_region_t region = NULL;
617 region = xbt_new0(s_mc_heap_ignore_region_t, 1);
618 region->address = address;
621 region->block = ((char*)address - (char*)((xbt_mheap_t)std_heap)->heapbase) / BLOCKSIZE + 1;
623 if(((xbt_mheap_t)std_heap)->heapinfo[region->block].type == 0){
624 region->fragment = -1;
625 ((xbt_mheap_t)std_heap)->heapinfo[region->block].busy_block.ignore++;
627 region->fragment = ((uintptr_t) (ADDR2UINT (address) % (BLOCKSIZE))) >> ((xbt_mheap_t)std_heap)->heapinfo[region->block].type;
628 ((xbt_mheap_t)std_heap)->heapinfo[region->block].busy_frag.ignore[region->fragment]++;
631 if(mc_heap_comparison_ignore == NULL){
632 mc_heap_comparison_ignore = xbt_dynar_new(sizeof(mc_heap_ignore_region_t), heap_ignore_region_free_voidp);
633 xbt_dynar_push(mc_heap_comparison_ignore, ®ion);
639 unsigned int cursor = 0;
640 mc_heap_ignore_region_t current_region = NULL;
642 int end = xbt_dynar_length(mc_heap_comparison_ignore) - 1;
645 cursor = (start + end) / 2;
646 current_region = (mc_heap_ignore_region_t)xbt_dynar_get_as(mc_heap_comparison_ignore, cursor, mc_heap_ignore_region_t);
647 if(current_region->address == address){
648 heap_ignore_region_free(region);
652 }else if(current_region->address < address){
659 if(current_region->address < address)
660 xbt_dynar_insert_at(mc_heap_comparison_ignore, cursor + 1, ®ion);
662 xbt_dynar_insert_at(mc_heap_comparison_ignore, cursor, ®ion);
668 void MC_remove_ignore_heap(void *address, size_t size){
670 int raw_mem_set = (mmalloc_get_current_heap() == raw_heap);
674 unsigned int cursor = 0;
676 int end = xbt_dynar_length(mc_heap_comparison_ignore) - 1;
677 mc_heap_ignore_region_t region;
678 int ignore_found = 0;
681 cursor = (start + end) / 2;
682 region = (mc_heap_ignore_region_t)xbt_dynar_get_as(mc_heap_comparison_ignore, cursor, mc_heap_ignore_region_t);
683 if(region->address == address){
686 }else if(region->address < address){
689 if((char * )region->address <= ((char *)address + size)){
698 if(ignore_found == 1){
699 xbt_dynar_remove_at(mc_heap_comparison_ignore, cursor, NULL);
700 MC_remove_ignore_heap(address, size);
708 void MC_ignore_global_variable(const char *name){
710 int raw_mem_set = (mmalloc_get_current_heap() == raw_heap);
714 xbt_assert(mc_libsimgrid_info, "MC subsystem not initialized");
716 unsigned int cursor = 0;
717 dw_variable_t current_var;
719 int end = xbt_dynar_length(mc_libsimgrid_info->global_variables) - 1;
722 cursor = (start + end) /2;
723 current_var = (dw_variable_t)xbt_dynar_get_as(mc_libsimgrid_info->global_variables, cursor, dw_variable_t);
724 if(strcmp(current_var->name, name) == 0){
725 xbt_dynar_remove_at(mc_libsimgrid_info->global_variables, cursor, NULL);
727 end = xbt_dynar_length(mc_libsimgrid_info->global_variables) - 1;
728 }else if(strcmp(current_var->name, name) < 0){
739 static void MC_ignore_local_variable_in_object(const char *var_name, const char *frame_name, mc_object_info_t info) {
744 dw_variable_t current_var;
746 xbt_dynar_foreach(info->subprograms, cursor2, frame) {
748 if(frame_name && strcmp(frame_name, frame->name))
752 end = xbt_dynar_length(frame->variables) - 1;
754 cursor = (start + end) / 2;
755 current_var = (dw_variable_t)xbt_dynar_get_as(frame->variables, cursor, dw_variable_t);
757 int compare = strcmp(current_var->name, var_name);
759 xbt_dynar_remove_at(frame->variables, cursor, NULL);
761 end = xbt_dynar_length(frame->variables) - 1;
762 }else if(compare < 0){
771 void MC_ignore_local_variable(const char *var_name, const char *frame_name){
773 int raw_mem_set = (mmalloc_get_current_heap() == raw_heap);
775 if(strcmp(frame_name, "*") == 0)
780 MC_ignore_local_variable_in_object(var_name, frame_name, mc_libsimgrid_info);
782 MC_ignore_local_variable_in_object(var_name, frame_name, mc_binary_info);
789 void MC_new_stack_area(void *stack, char *name, void* context, size_t size){
791 int raw_mem_set = (mmalloc_get_current_heap() == raw_heap);
795 if(stacks_areas == NULL)
796 stacks_areas = xbt_dynar_new(sizeof(stack_region_t), NULL);
798 stack_region_t region = NULL;
799 region = xbt_new0(s_stack_region_t, 1);
800 region->address = stack;
801 region->process_name = strdup(name);
802 region->context = context;
804 region->block = ((char*)stack - (char*)((xbt_mheap_t)std_heap)->heapbase) / BLOCKSIZE + 1;
805 xbt_dynar_push(stacks_areas, ®ion);
811 void MC_ignore(void *addr, size_t size){
813 int raw_mem_set= (mmalloc_get_current_heap() == raw_heap);
817 if(mc_checkpoint_ignore == NULL)
818 mc_checkpoint_ignore = xbt_dynar_new(sizeof(mc_checkpoint_ignore_region_t), checkpoint_ignore_region_free_voidp);
820 mc_checkpoint_ignore_region_t region = xbt_new0(s_mc_checkpoint_ignore_region_t, 1);
824 if(xbt_dynar_is_empty(mc_checkpoint_ignore)){
825 xbt_dynar_push(mc_checkpoint_ignore, ®ion);
828 unsigned int cursor = 0;
830 int end = xbt_dynar_length(mc_checkpoint_ignore) -1;
831 mc_checkpoint_ignore_region_t current_region = NULL;
834 cursor = (start + end) / 2;
835 current_region = (mc_checkpoint_ignore_region_t)xbt_dynar_get_as(mc_checkpoint_ignore, cursor, mc_checkpoint_ignore_region_t);
836 if(current_region->addr == addr){
837 if(current_region->size == size){
838 checkpoint_ignore_region_free(region);
842 }else if(current_region->size < size){
847 }else if(current_region->addr < addr){
854 if(current_region->addr == addr){
855 if(current_region->size < size){
856 xbt_dynar_insert_at(mc_checkpoint_ignore, cursor + 1, ®ion);
858 xbt_dynar_insert_at(mc_checkpoint_ignore, cursor, ®ion);
860 }else if(current_region->addr < addr){
861 xbt_dynar_insert_at(mc_checkpoint_ignore, cursor + 1, ®ion);
863 xbt_dynar_insert_at(mc_checkpoint_ignore, cursor, ®ion);
871 /******************************* Initialisation of MC *******************************/
872 /*********************************************************************************/
874 static void MC_post_process_object_info(mc_object_info_t info) {
875 mc_object_info_t other_info = info == mc_binary_info ? mc_libsimgrid_info : mc_binary_info;
876 xbt_dict_cursor_t cursor = NULL;
878 dw_type_t type = NULL;
879 xbt_dict_foreach(info->types, cursor, key, type){
880 if(type->name && type->byte_size == 0) {
881 type->other_object_same_type = xbt_dict_get_or_null(other_info->types_by_name, type->name);
886 static void MC_init_debug_info(void) {
887 XBT_INFO("Get debug information ...");
889 memory_map_t maps = MC_get_memory_map();
891 /* Get local variables for state equality detection */
892 mc_binary_info = MC_find_object_info(maps, xbt_binary_name, 1);
893 mc_libsimgrid_info = MC_find_object_info(maps, libsimgrid_path, 0);
895 // Use information of the other objects:
896 MC_post_process_object_info(mc_binary_info);
897 MC_post_process_object_info(mc_libsimgrid_info);
899 MC_free_memory_map(maps);
900 XBT_INFO("Get debug information done !");
905 int raw_mem_set = (mmalloc_get_current_heap() == raw_heap);
909 /* Initialize the data structures that must be persistent across every
910 iteration of the model-checker (in RAW memory) */
914 MC_init_memory_map_info();
915 MC_init_debug_info();
918 parmap = xbt_parmap_mc_new(xbt_os_get_numcores(), XBT_PARMAP_DEFAULT);
922 /* Ignore some variables from xbt/ex.h used by exception e for stacks comparison */
923 MC_ignore_local_variable("e", "*");
924 MC_ignore_local_variable("__ex_cleanup", "*");
925 MC_ignore_local_variable("__ex_mctx_en", "*");
926 MC_ignore_local_variable("__ex_mctx_me", "*");
927 MC_ignore_local_variable("__xbt_ex_ctx_ptr", "*");
928 MC_ignore_local_variable("_log_ev", "*");
929 MC_ignore_local_variable("_throw_ctx", "*");
930 MC_ignore_local_variable("ctx", "*");
932 MC_ignore_local_variable("self", "simcall_BODY_mc_snapshot");
933 MC_ignore_local_variable("next_context", "smx_ctx_sysv_suspend_serial");
934 MC_ignore_local_variable("i", "smx_ctx_sysv_suspend_serial");
936 /* Ignore local variable about time used for tracing */
937 MC_ignore_local_variable("start_time", "*");
939 MC_ignore_global_variable("compared_pointers");
940 MC_ignore_global_variable("mc_comp_times");
941 MC_ignore_global_variable("mc_snapshot_comparison_time");
942 MC_ignore_global_variable("mc_time");
943 MC_ignore_global_variable("smpi_current_rank");
944 MC_ignore_global_variable("counter"); /* Static variable used for tracing */
945 MC_ignore_global_variable("maestro_stack_start");
946 MC_ignore_global_variable("maestro_stack_end");
947 MC_ignore_global_variable("smx_total_comms");
949 MC_ignore_heap(&(simix_global->process_to_run), sizeof(simix_global->process_to_run));
950 MC_ignore_heap(&(simix_global->process_that_ran), sizeof(simix_global->process_that_ran));
951 MC_ignore_heap(simix_global->process_to_run, sizeof(*(simix_global->process_to_run)));
952 MC_ignore_heap(simix_global->process_that_ran, sizeof(*(simix_global->process_that_ran)));
954 smx_process_t process;
955 xbt_swag_foreach(process, simix_global->process_list){
956 MC_ignore_heap(&(process->process_hookup), sizeof(process->process_hookup));
964 static void MC_init_dot_output(){ /* FIXME : more colors */
968 colors[2] = "green3";
969 colors[3] = "goldenrod";
971 colors[5] = "purple";
972 colors[6] = "magenta";
973 colors[7] = "turquoise4";
974 colors[8] = "gray25";
975 colors[9] = "forestgreen";
976 colors[10] = "hotpink";
977 colors[11] = "lightblue";
980 dot_output = fopen(_sg_mc_dot_output_file, "w");
982 if(dot_output == NULL){
983 perror("Error open dot output file");
987 fprintf(dot_output, "digraph graphname{\n fixedsize=true; rankdir=TB; ranksep=.25; edge [fontsize=12]; node [fontsize=10, shape=circle,width=.5 ]; graph [resolution=20, fontsize=10];\n");
991 /******************************* Core of MC *******************************/
992 /**************************************************************************/
994 void MC_do_the_modelcheck_for_real() {
997 mc_comp_times = xbt_new0(s_mc_comparison_times_t, 1);
1000 if (!_sg_mc_property_file || _sg_mc_property_file[0]=='\0') {
1001 if (mc_reduce_kind==e_mc_reduce_unset)
1002 mc_reduce_kind=e_mc_reduce_dpor;
1004 XBT_INFO("Check a safety property");
1005 MC_modelcheck_safety();
1009 if (mc_reduce_kind==e_mc_reduce_unset)
1010 mc_reduce_kind=e_mc_reduce_none;
1012 XBT_INFO("Check the liveness property %s",_sg_mc_property_file);
1013 MC_automaton_load(_sg_mc_property_file);
1014 MC_modelcheck_liveness();
1018 void MC_modelcheck_safety(void)
1020 int raw_mem_set = (mmalloc_get_current_heap() == raw_heap);
1022 /* Check if MC is already initialized */
1023 if (initial_state_safety)
1026 mc_time = xbt_new0(double, simix_process_maxpid);
1028 /* mc_time refers to clock for each process -> ignore it for heap comparison */
1029 MC_ignore_heap(mc_time, simix_process_maxpid * sizeof(double));
1031 /* Initialize the data structures that must be persistent across every
1032 iteration of the model-checker (in RAW memory) */
1036 /* Initialize statistics */
1037 mc_stats = xbt_new0(s_mc_stats_t, 1);
1038 mc_stats->state_size = 1;
1040 /* Create exploration stack */
1041 mc_stack_safety = xbt_fifo_new();
1043 if((_sg_mc_dot_output_file != NULL) && (_sg_mc_dot_output_file[0]!='\0'))
1044 MC_init_dot_output();
1048 if(_sg_mc_visited > 0){
1052 MC_init_memory_map_info();
1053 MC_init_debug_info();
1060 /* Save the initial state */
1061 initial_state_safety = xbt_new0(s_mc_global_t, 1);
1062 initial_state_safety->snapshot = MC_take_snapshot(0);
1063 initial_state_safety->initial_communications_pattern_done = 0;
1064 initial_state_safety->comm_deterministic = 1;
1065 initial_state_safety->send_deterministic = 1;
1077 void MC_modelcheck_liveness(){
1079 int raw_mem_set = (mmalloc_get_current_heap() == raw_heap);
1083 mc_time = xbt_new0(double, simix_process_maxpid);
1085 /* mc_time refers to clock for each process -> ignore it for heap comparison */
1086 MC_ignore_heap(mc_time, simix_process_maxpid * sizeof(double));
1090 /* Initialize statistics */
1091 mc_stats = xbt_new0(s_mc_stats_t, 1);
1092 mc_stats->state_size = 1;
1094 /* Create exploration stack */
1095 mc_stack_liveness = xbt_fifo_new();
1097 /* Create the initial state */
1098 initial_state_liveness = xbt_new0(s_mc_global_t, 1);
1100 if((_sg_mc_dot_output_file != NULL) && (_sg_mc_dot_output_file[0]!='\0'))
1101 MC_init_dot_output();
1108 MC_print_statistics(mc_stats);
1125 int SIMIX_pre_mc_random(smx_simcall_t simcall, int min, int max){
1127 return simcall->mc_value;
1131 int MC_random(int min, int max)
1133 /*FIXME: return mc_current_state->executed_transition->random.value;*/
1134 return simcall_mc_random(min, max);
1138 * \brief Schedules all the process that are ready to run
1140 void MC_wait_for_requests(void)
1142 smx_process_t process;
1146 while (!xbt_dynar_is_empty(simix_global->process_to_run)) {
1147 SIMIX_process_runall();
1148 xbt_dynar_foreach(simix_global->process_that_ran, iter, process) {
1149 req = &process->simcall;
1150 if (req->call != SIMCALL_NONE && !MC_request_is_visible(req))
1151 SIMIX_simcall_pre(req, 0);
1156 int MC_deadlock_check()
1158 int deadlock = FALSE;
1159 smx_process_t process;
1160 if(xbt_swag_size(simix_global->process_list)){
1162 xbt_swag_foreach(process, simix_global->process_list){
1163 if(process->simcall.call != SIMCALL_NONE
1164 && MC_request_is_enabled(&process->simcall)){
1174 * \brief Re-executes from the state at position start all the transitions indicated by
1175 * a given model-checker stack.
1176 * \param stack The stack with the transitions to execute.
1177 * \param start Start index to begin the re-execution.
1179 void MC_replay(xbt_fifo_t stack, int start)
1181 int raw_mem = (mmalloc_get_current_heap() == raw_heap);
1183 int value, i = 1, count = 1;
1185 smx_simcall_t req = NULL, saved_req = NULL;
1186 xbt_fifo_item_t item, start_item;
1188 smx_process_t process = NULL;
1189 int comm_pattern = 0;
1191 XBT_DEBUG("**** Begin Replay ****");
1194 /* Restore the initial state */
1195 MC_restore_snapshot(initial_state_safety->snapshot);
1196 /* At the moment of taking the snapshot the raw heap was set, so restoring
1197 * it will set it back again, we have to unset it to continue */
1201 start_item = xbt_fifo_get_last_item(stack);
1204 start_item = xbt_fifo_get_prev_item(start_item);
1210 xbt_dict_reset(first_enabled_state);
1211 xbt_swag_foreach(process, simix_global->process_list){
1212 if(MC_process_is_enabled(process)){
1213 char *key = bprintf("%lu", process->pid);
1214 char *data = bprintf("%d", count);
1215 xbt_dict_set(first_enabled_state, key, data, NULL);
1219 xbt_dynar_reset(communications_pattern);
1223 /* Traverse the stack from the state at position start and re-execute the transitions */
1224 for (item = start_item;
1225 item != xbt_fifo_get_first_item(stack);
1226 item = xbt_fifo_get_prev_item(item)) {
1228 state = (mc_state_t) xbt_fifo_get_item_content(item);
1229 saved_req = MC_state_get_executed_request(state, &value);
1232 char *key = bprintf("%lu", saved_req->issuer->pid);
1233 xbt_dict_remove(first_enabled_state, key);
1238 /* because we got a copy of the executed request, we have to fetch the
1239 real one, pointed by the request field of the issuer process */
1240 req = &saved_req->issuer->simcall;
1242 /* Debug information */
1243 if(XBT_LOG_ISENABLED(mc_global, xbt_log_priority_debug)){
1244 req_str = MC_request_to_string(req, value);
1245 XBT_DEBUG("Replay: %s (%p)", req_str, state);
1250 if(req->call == SIMCALL_COMM_ISEND)
1252 else if(req->call == SIMCALL_COMM_IRECV)
1255 SIMIX_simcall_pre(req, value);
1258 if(comm_pattern != 0){
1259 get_comm_pattern(communications_pattern, req, comm_pattern);
1265 MC_wait_for_requests();
1270 /* Insert in dict all enabled processes */
1271 xbt_swag_foreach(process, simix_global->process_list){
1272 if(MC_process_is_enabled(process) /*&& !MC_state_process_is_done(state, process)*/){
1273 char *key = bprintf("%lu", process->pid);
1274 if(xbt_dict_get_or_null(first_enabled_state, key) == NULL){
1275 char *data = bprintf("%d", count);
1276 xbt_dict_set(first_enabled_state, key, data, NULL);
1283 /* Update statistics */
1284 mc_stats->visited_states++;
1285 mc_stats->executed_transitions++;
1289 XBT_DEBUG("**** End Replay ****");
1299 void MC_replay_liveness(xbt_fifo_t stack, int all_stack)
1302 initial_state_liveness->raw_mem_set = (mmalloc_get_current_heap() == raw_heap);
1306 smx_simcall_t req = NULL, saved_req = NULL;
1307 xbt_fifo_item_t item;
1312 XBT_DEBUG("**** Begin Replay ****");
1314 /* Restore the initial state */
1315 MC_restore_snapshot(initial_state_liveness->snapshot);
1317 /* At the moment of taking the snapshot the raw heap was set, so restoring
1318 * it will set it back again, we have to unset it to continue */
1319 if(!initial_state_liveness->raw_mem_set)
1324 item = xbt_fifo_get_last_item(stack);
1326 while(depth <= xbt_fifo_size(stack)){
1328 pair = (mc_pair_t) xbt_fifo_get_item_content(item);
1329 state = (mc_state_t) pair->graph_state;
1331 if(pair->requests > 0){
1333 saved_req = MC_state_get_executed_request(state, &value);
1334 //XBT_DEBUG("SavedReq->call %u", saved_req->call);
1336 if(saved_req != NULL){
1337 /* because we got a copy of the executed request, we have to fetch the
1338 real one, pointed by the request field of the issuer process */
1339 req = &saved_req->issuer->simcall;
1340 //XBT_DEBUG("Req->call %u", req->call);
1342 /* Debug information */
1343 if(XBT_LOG_ISENABLED(mc_global, xbt_log_priority_debug)){
1344 req_str = MC_request_to_string(req, value);
1345 XBT_DEBUG("Replay (depth = %d) : %s (%p)", depth, req_str, state);
1351 SIMIX_simcall_pre(req, value);
1352 MC_wait_for_requests();
1357 /* Update statistics */
1358 mc_stats->visited_pairs++;
1359 mc_stats->executed_transitions++;
1361 item = xbt_fifo_get_prev_item(item);
1366 /* Traverse the stack from the initial state and re-execute the transitions */
1367 for (item = xbt_fifo_get_last_item(stack);
1368 item != xbt_fifo_get_first_item(stack);
1369 item = xbt_fifo_get_prev_item(item)) {
1371 pair = (mc_pair_t) xbt_fifo_get_item_content(item);
1372 state = (mc_state_t) pair->graph_state;
1374 if(pair->requests > 0){
1376 saved_req = MC_state_get_executed_request(state, &value);
1377 //XBT_DEBUG("SavedReq->call %u", saved_req->call);
1379 if(saved_req != NULL){
1380 /* because we got a copy of the executed request, we have to fetch the
1381 real one, pointed by the request field of the issuer process */
1382 req = &saved_req->issuer->simcall;
1383 //XBT_DEBUG("Req->call %u", req->call);
1385 /* Debug information */
1386 if(XBT_LOG_ISENABLED(mc_global, xbt_log_priority_debug)){
1387 req_str = MC_request_to_string(req, value);
1388 XBT_DEBUG("Replay (depth = %d) : %s (%p)", depth, req_str, state);
1394 SIMIX_simcall_pre(req, value);
1395 MC_wait_for_requests();
1400 /* Update statistics */
1401 mc_stats->visited_pairs++;
1402 mc_stats->executed_transitions++;
1406 XBT_DEBUG("**** End Replay ****");
1408 if(initial_state_liveness->raw_mem_set)
1416 * \brief Dumps the contents of a model-checker's stack and shows the actual
1418 * \param stack The stack to dump
1420 void MC_dump_stack_safety(xbt_fifo_t stack)
1423 int raw_mem_set = (mmalloc_get_current_heap() == raw_heap);
1425 MC_show_stack_safety(stack);
1427 if(!_sg_mc_checkpoint){
1432 while ((state = (mc_state_t) xbt_fifo_pop(stack)) != NULL)
1433 MC_state_delete(state);
1446 void MC_show_stack_safety(xbt_fifo_t stack)
1449 int raw_mem_set = (mmalloc_get_current_heap() == raw_heap);
1455 xbt_fifo_item_t item;
1457 char *req_str = NULL;
1459 for (item = xbt_fifo_get_last_item(stack);
1460 (item ? (state = (mc_state_t) (xbt_fifo_get_item_content(item)))
1461 : (NULL)); item = xbt_fifo_get_prev_item(item)) {
1462 req = MC_state_get_executed_request(state, &value);
1464 req_str = MC_request_to_string(req, value);
1465 XBT_INFO("%s", req_str);
1474 void MC_show_deadlock(smx_simcall_t req)
1476 /*char *req_str = NULL;*/
1477 XBT_INFO("**************************");
1478 XBT_INFO("*** DEAD-LOCK DETECTED ***");
1479 XBT_INFO("**************************");
1480 XBT_INFO("Locked request:");
1481 /*req_str = MC_request_to_string(req);
1482 XBT_INFO("%s", req_str);
1483 xbt_free(req_str);*/
1484 XBT_INFO("Counter-example execution trace:");
1485 MC_dump_stack_safety(mc_stack_safety);
1486 MC_print_statistics(mc_stats);
1490 void MC_show_stack_liveness(xbt_fifo_t stack){
1493 xbt_fifo_item_t item;
1495 char *req_str = NULL;
1497 for (item = xbt_fifo_get_last_item(stack);
1498 (item ? (pair = (mc_pair_t) (xbt_fifo_get_item_content(item)))
1499 : (NULL)); item = xbt_fifo_get_prev_item(item)) {
1500 req = MC_state_get_executed_request(pair->graph_state, &value);
1502 if(pair->requests>0){
1503 req_str = MC_request_to_string(req, value);
1504 XBT_INFO("%s", req_str);
1507 XBT_INFO("End of system requests but evolution in Büchi automaton");
1513 void MC_dump_stack_liveness(xbt_fifo_t stack){
1515 int raw_mem_set = (mmalloc_get_current_heap() == raw_heap);
1520 while ((pair = (mc_pair_t) xbt_fifo_pop(stack)) != NULL)
1521 MC_pair_delete(pair);
1530 void MC_print_statistics(mc_stats_t stats)
1532 if(stats->expanded_pairs == 0){
1533 XBT_INFO("Expanded states = %lu", stats->expanded_states);
1534 XBT_INFO("Visited states = %lu", stats->visited_states);
1536 XBT_INFO("Expanded pairs = %lu", stats->expanded_pairs);
1537 XBT_INFO("Visited pairs = %lu", stats->visited_pairs);
1539 XBT_INFO("Executed transitions = %lu", stats->executed_transitions);
1541 if((_sg_mc_dot_output_file != NULL) && (_sg_mc_dot_output_file[0]!='\0')){
1542 fprintf(dot_output, "}\n");
1545 if(initial_state_safety != NULL){
1546 // XBT_INFO("Communication-deterministic : %s", !initial_state_safety->comm_deterministic ? "No" : "Yes");
1547 // XBT_INFO("Send-deterministic : %s", !initial_state_safety->send_deterministic ? "No" : "Yes");
1552 void MC_assert(int prop)
1554 if (MC_is_active() && !prop){
1555 XBT_INFO("**************************");
1556 XBT_INFO("*** PROPERTY NOT VALID ***");
1557 XBT_INFO("**************************");
1558 XBT_INFO("Counter-example execution trace:");
1559 MC_dump_stack_safety(mc_stack_safety);
1560 MC_print_statistics(mc_stats);
1566 user_max_depth_reached = 1;
1569 void MC_process_clock_add(smx_process_t process, double amount)
1571 mc_time[process->pid] += amount;
1574 double MC_process_clock_get(smx_process_t process)
1578 return mc_time[process->pid];
1586 void MC_automaton_load(const char *file){
1588 int raw_mem_set = (mmalloc_get_current_heap() == raw_heap);
1592 if (_mc_property_automaton == NULL)
1593 _mc_property_automaton = xbt_automaton_new();
1595 xbt_automaton_load(_mc_property_automaton,file);
1604 void MC_automaton_new_propositional_symbol(const char* id, void* fct) {
1606 int raw_mem_set = (mmalloc_get_current_heap() == raw_heap);
1610 if (_mc_property_automaton == NULL)
1611 _mc_property_automaton = xbt_automaton_new();
1613 xbt_automaton_propositional_symbol_new(_mc_property_automaton,id,fct);