1 /* Copyright (c) 2008-2021. The SimGrid Team. All rights reserved. */
3 /* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
4 * under the terms of the license (GNU LGPL) which comes with this package. */
6 #include "src/simgrid/util.hpp"
8 #include "xbt/string.hpp"
9 #include "xbt/sysdep.h"
10 #include <simgrid/config.h>
12 #include "src/mc/inspect/ObjectInformation.hpp"
13 #include "src/mc/inspect/Variable.hpp"
14 #include "src/mc/inspect/mc_dwarf.hpp"
15 #include "src/mc/mc_private.hpp"
16 #include "src/mc/remote/RemoteProcess.hpp"
25 #include <unordered_map>
28 #include <boost/range/algorithm.hpp>
30 #include <elfutils/libdw.h>
31 #include <elfutils/version.h>
33 #include <boost/algorithm/string/predicate.hpp>
35 XBT_LOG_NEW_DEFAULT_SUBCATEGORY(mc_dwarf, mc, "DWARF processing");
37 /** @brief The default DW_TAG_lower_bound for a given DW_AT_language.
39 * The default for a given language is defined in the DWARF spec.
41 * @param language constant as defined by the DWARf spec
43 static uint64_t MC_dwarf_default_lower_bound(int lang);
45 /** @brief Computes the the element_count of a DW_TAG_enumeration_type DIE
47 * This is the number of elements in a given array dimension.
49 * A reference of the compilation unit (DW_TAG_compile_unit) is
50 * needed because the default lower bound (when there is no DW_AT_lower_bound)
51 * depends of the language of the compilation unit (DW_AT_language).
53 * @param die DIE for the DW_TAG_enumeration_type or DW_TAG_subrange_type
54 * @param unit DIE of the DW_TAG_compile_unit
56 static uint64_t MC_dwarf_subrange_element_count(Dwarf_Die* die, Dwarf_Die* unit);
58 /** @brief Computes the number of elements of a given DW_TAG_array_type.
60 * @param die DIE for the DW_TAG_array_type
62 static uint64_t MC_dwarf_array_element_count(Dwarf_Die* die, Dwarf_Die* unit);
64 /** @brief Process a DIE
66 * @param info the resulting object for the library/binary file (output)
67 * @param die the current DIE
68 * @param unit the DIE of the compile unit of the current DIE
69 * @param frame containing frame if any
71 static void MC_dwarf_handle_die(simgrid::mc::ObjectInformation* info, Dwarf_Die* die, Dwarf_Die* unit,
72 simgrid::mc::Frame* frame, const char* ns);
74 /** @brief Process a type DIE
76 static void MC_dwarf_handle_type_die(simgrid::mc::ObjectInformation* info, Dwarf_Die* die, Dwarf_Die* unit,
77 simgrid::mc::Frame* frame, const char* ns);
79 /** @brief Calls MC_dwarf_handle_die on all children of the given die
81 * @param info the resulting object for the library/binary file (output)
82 * @param die the current DIE
83 * @param unit the DIE of the compile unit of the current DIE
84 * @param frame containing frame if any
86 static void MC_dwarf_handle_children(simgrid::mc::ObjectInformation* info, Dwarf_Die* die, Dwarf_Die* unit,
87 simgrid::mc::Frame* frame, const char* ns);
89 /** @brief Handle a variable (DW_TAG_variable or other)
91 * @param info the resulting object for the library/binary file (output)
92 * @param die the current DIE
93 * @param unit the DIE of the compile unit of the current DIE
94 * @param frame containing frame if any
96 static void MC_dwarf_handle_variable_die(simgrid::mc::ObjectInformation* info, Dwarf_Die* die, const Dwarf_Die* unit,
97 simgrid::mc::Frame* frame, const char* ns);
99 /** @brief Get the DW_TAG_type of the DIE
102 * @return DW_TAG_type attribute as a new string (nullptr if none)
104 static std::uint64_t MC_dwarf_at_type(Dwarf_Die* die);
109 enum class TagClass { Unknown, Type, Subprogram, Variable, Scope, Namespace };
111 /*** Class of forms defined in the DWARF standard */
112 enum class FormClass {
114 Address, // Location in the program's address space
115 Block, // Arbitrary block of bytes
118 Flag, // Boolean value
119 Reference, // Reference to another DIE
120 ExprLoc, // DWARF expression/location description
127 static TagClass classify_tag(int tag)
129 static const std::unordered_map<int, TagClass> map = {
130 {DW_TAG_array_type, TagClass::Type}, {DW_TAG_class_type, TagClass::Type},
131 {DW_TAG_enumeration_type, TagClass::Type}, {DW_TAG_typedef, TagClass::Type},
132 {DW_TAG_pointer_type, TagClass::Type}, {DW_TAG_reference_type, TagClass::Type},
133 {DW_TAG_rvalue_reference_type, TagClass::Type}, {DW_TAG_string_type, TagClass::Type},
134 {DW_TAG_structure_type, TagClass::Type}, {DW_TAG_subroutine_type, TagClass::Type},
135 {DW_TAG_union_type, TagClass::Type}, {DW_TAG_ptr_to_member_type, TagClass::Type},
136 {DW_TAG_set_type, TagClass::Type}, {DW_TAG_subrange_type, TagClass::Type},
137 {DW_TAG_base_type, TagClass::Type}, {DW_TAG_const_type, TagClass::Type},
138 {DW_TAG_file_type, TagClass::Type}, {DW_TAG_packed_type, TagClass::Type},
139 {DW_TAG_volatile_type, TagClass::Type}, {DW_TAG_restrict_type, TagClass::Type},
140 {DW_TAG_interface_type, TagClass::Type}, {DW_TAG_unspecified_type, TagClass::Type},
141 {DW_TAG_shared_type, TagClass::Type},
143 {DW_TAG_subprogram, TagClass::Subprogram},
145 {DW_TAG_variable, TagClass::Variable}, {DW_TAG_formal_parameter, TagClass::Variable},
147 {DW_TAG_lexical_block, TagClass::Scope}, {DW_TAG_try_block, TagClass::Scope},
148 {DW_TAG_catch_block, TagClass::Scope}, {DW_TAG_inlined_subroutine, TagClass::Scope},
149 {DW_TAG_with_stmt, TagClass::Scope},
151 {DW_TAG_namespace, TagClass::Namespace}};
153 auto res = map.find(tag);
154 return res != map.end() ? res->second : TagClass::Unknown;
157 /** @brief Find the DWARF data class for a given DWARF data form
159 * This mapping is defined in the DWARF spec.
161 * @param form The form (values taken from the DWARF spec)
162 * @return An internal representation for the corresponding class
164 static FormClass classify_form(int form)
166 static const std::unordered_map<int, FormClass> map = {
167 {DW_FORM_addr, FormClass::Address},
169 {DW_FORM_block2, FormClass::Block}, {DW_FORM_block4, FormClass::Block},
170 {DW_FORM_block, FormClass::Block}, {DW_FORM_block1, FormClass::Block},
172 {DW_FORM_data1, FormClass::Constant}, {DW_FORM_data2, FormClass::Constant},
173 {DW_FORM_data4, FormClass::Constant}, {DW_FORM_data8, FormClass::Constant},
174 {DW_FORM_udata, FormClass::Constant}, {DW_FORM_sdata, FormClass::Constant},
175 #if _ELFUTILS_PREREQ(0, 171)
176 {DW_FORM_implicit_const, FormClass::Constant},
179 {DW_FORM_string, FormClass::String}, {DW_FORM_strp, FormClass::String},
181 {DW_FORM_ref_addr, FormClass::Reference}, {DW_FORM_ref1, FormClass::Reference},
182 {DW_FORM_ref2, FormClass::Reference}, {DW_FORM_ref4, FormClass::Reference},
183 {DW_FORM_ref8, FormClass::Reference}, {DW_FORM_ref_udata, FormClass::Reference},
185 {DW_FORM_flag, FormClass::Flag}, {DW_FORM_flag_present, FormClass::Flag},
187 {DW_FORM_exprloc, FormClass::ExprLoc}
193 auto res = map.find(form);
194 return res != map.end() ? res->second : FormClass::Unknown;
197 /** @brief Get the name of the tag of a given DIE
200 * @return name of the tag of this DIE
202 inline XBT_PRIVATE const char* tagname(Dwarf_Die* die)
204 return tagname(dwarf_tag(die));
208 } // namespace simgrid
212 /** @brief Get an attribute of a given DIE as a string
215 * @param attribute attribute
216 * @return value of the given attribute of the given DIE
218 static const char* MC_dwarf_attr_integrate_string(Dwarf_Die* die, int attribute)
220 Dwarf_Attribute attr;
221 if (not dwarf_attr_integrate(die, attribute, &attr))
224 return dwarf_formstring(&attr);
227 static Dwarf_Off MC_dwarf_attr_dieoffset(Dwarf_Die* die, int attribute)
229 Dwarf_Attribute attr;
230 if (dwarf_hasattr_integrate(die, attribute) == 0)
232 dwarf_attr_integrate(die, attribute, &attr);
233 Dwarf_Die subtype_die;
234 xbt_assert(dwarf_formref_die(&attr, &subtype_die) != nullptr, "Could not find DIE");
235 return dwarf_dieoffset(&subtype_die);
238 static Dwarf_Off MC_dwarf_attr_integrate_dieoffset(Dwarf_Die* die, int attribute)
240 Dwarf_Attribute attr;
241 if (dwarf_hasattr_integrate(die, attribute) == 0)
243 dwarf_attr_integrate(die, DW_AT_type, &attr);
244 Dwarf_Die subtype_die;
245 xbt_assert(dwarf_formref_die(&attr, &subtype_die) != nullptr, "Could not find DIE");
246 return dwarf_dieoffset(&subtype_die);
249 /** @brief Find the type/subtype (DW_AT_type) for a DIE
252 * @return DW_AT_type reference as a global offset in hexadecimal (or nullptr)
254 static std::uint64_t MC_dwarf_at_type(Dwarf_Die* die)
256 return MC_dwarf_attr_integrate_dieoffset(die, DW_AT_type);
259 static uint64_t MC_dwarf_attr_integrate_addr(Dwarf_Die* die, int attribute)
261 Dwarf_Attribute attr;
262 if (dwarf_attr_integrate(die, attribute, &attr) == nullptr)
265 if (dwarf_formaddr(&attr, &value) == 0)
266 return (uint64_t)value;
271 static uint64_t MC_dwarf_attr_integrate_uint(Dwarf_Die* die, int attribute, uint64_t default_value)
273 Dwarf_Attribute attr;
274 if (dwarf_attr_integrate(die, attribute, &attr) == nullptr)
275 return default_value;
277 return dwarf_formudata(dwarf_attr_integrate(die, attribute, &attr), &value) == 0 ? (uint64_t)value : default_value;
280 static bool MC_dwarf_attr_flag(Dwarf_Die* die, int attribute, bool integrate)
282 Dwarf_Attribute attr;
283 if ((integrate ? dwarf_attr_integrate(die, attribute, &attr) : dwarf_attr(die, attribute, &attr)) == nullptr)
287 xbt_assert(not dwarf_formflag(&attr, &result), "Unexpected form for attribute %s",
288 simgrid::dwarf::attrname(attribute));
292 /** @brief Find the default lower bound for a given language
294 * The default lower bound of an array (when DW_TAG_lower_bound
295 * is missing) depends on the language of the compilation unit.
297 * @param lang Language of the compilation unit (values defined in the DWARF spec)
298 * @return Default lower bound of an array in this compilation unit
300 static uint64_t MC_dwarf_default_lower_bound(int lang)
302 const std::unordered_map<int, unsigned> map = {
303 {DW_LANG_C, 0}, {DW_LANG_C89, 0}, {DW_LANG_C99, 0}, {DW_LANG_C11, 0},
304 {DW_LANG_C_plus_plus, 0}, {DW_LANG_C_plus_plus_11, 0}, {DW_LANG_C_plus_plus_14, 0}, {DW_LANG_D, 0},
305 {DW_LANG_Java, 0}, {DW_LANG_ObjC, 0}, {DW_LANG_ObjC_plus_plus, 0}, {DW_LANG_Python, 0},
308 {DW_LANG_Ada83, 1}, {DW_LANG_Ada95, 1}, {DW_LANG_Fortran77, 1}, {DW_LANG_Fortran90, 1},
309 {DW_LANG_Fortran95, 1}, {DW_LANG_Fortran03, 1}, {DW_LANG_Fortran08, 1}, {DW_LANG_Modula2, 1},
310 {DW_LANG_Pascal83, 1}, {DW_LANG_PL1, 1}, {DW_LANG_Cobol74, 1}, {DW_LANG_Cobol85, 1}};
312 auto res = map.find(lang);
313 xbt_assert(res != map.end(), "No default DW_TAG_lower_bound for language %i and none given", lang);
317 /** @brief Finds the number of elements in a DW_TAG_subrange_type or DW_TAG_enumeration_type DIE
320 * @param unit DIE of the compilation unit
321 * @return number of elements in the range
323 static uint64_t MC_dwarf_subrange_element_count(Dwarf_Die* die, Dwarf_Die* unit)
325 xbt_assert(dwarf_tag(die) == DW_TAG_enumeration_type || dwarf_tag(die) == DW_TAG_subrange_type,
326 "MC_dwarf_subrange_element_count called with DIE of type %s", simgrid::dwarf::tagname(die));
328 // Use DW_TAG_count if present:
329 if (dwarf_hasattr_integrate(die, DW_AT_count))
330 return MC_dwarf_attr_integrate_uint(die, DW_AT_count, 0);
331 // Otherwise compute DW_TAG_upper_bound-DW_TAG_lower_bound + 1:
333 if (not dwarf_hasattr_integrate(die, DW_AT_upper_bound))
334 // This is not really 0, but the code expects this (we do not know):
337 uint64_t upper_bound = MC_dwarf_attr_integrate_uint(die, DW_AT_upper_bound, static_cast<uint64_t>(-1));
339 uint64_t lower_bound = 0;
340 if (dwarf_hasattr_integrate(die, DW_AT_lower_bound))
341 lower_bound = MC_dwarf_attr_integrate_uint(die, DW_AT_lower_bound, static_cast<uint64_t>(-1));
343 lower_bound = MC_dwarf_default_lower_bound(dwarf_srclang(unit));
344 return upper_bound - lower_bound + 1;
347 /** @brief Finds the number of elements in an array type (DW_TAG_array_type)
349 * The compilation unit might be needed because the default lower
350 * bound depends on the language of the compilation unit.
352 * @param die the DIE of the DW_TAG_array_type
353 * @param unit the DIE of the compilation unit
354 * @return number of elements in this array type
356 static uint64_t MC_dwarf_array_element_count(Dwarf_Die* die, Dwarf_Die* unit)
358 xbt_assert(dwarf_tag(die) == DW_TAG_array_type, "MC_dwarf_array_element_count called with DIE of type %s",
359 simgrid::dwarf::tagname(die));
363 for (int res = dwarf_child(die, &child); res == 0; res = dwarf_siblingof(&child, &child)) {
364 int child_tag = dwarf_tag(&child);
365 if (child_tag == DW_TAG_subrange_type || child_tag == DW_TAG_enumeration_type)
366 result *= MC_dwarf_subrange_element_count(&child, unit);
373 /** Sort the variable by name and address.
375 * We could use boost::container::flat_set instead.
377 static bool MC_compare_variable(simgrid::mc::Variable const& a, simgrid::mc::Variable const& b)
379 int cmp = a.name.compare(b.name);
385 return a.address < b.address;
388 // ***** simgrid::mc::Type*
390 /** @brief Initialize the location of a member of a type
391 * (DW_AT_data_member_location of a DW_TAG_member).
393 * @param type a type (struct, class)
394 * @param member the member of the type
395 * @param child DIE of the member (DW_TAG_member)
397 static void MC_dwarf_fill_member_location(const simgrid::mc::Type* type, simgrid::mc::Member* member, Dwarf_Die* child)
399 xbt_assert(not dwarf_hasattr(child, DW_AT_data_bit_offset), "Can't groke DW_AT_data_bit_offset.");
401 if (not dwarf_hasattr_integrate(child, DW_AT_data_member_location)) {
402 if (type->type == DW_TAG_union_type)
404 xbt_die("Missing DW_AT_data_member_location field in DW_TAG_member %s of type <%" PRIx64 ">%s",
405 member->name.c_str(), (uint64_t)type->id, type->name.c_str());
408 Dwarf_Attribute attr;
409 dwarf_attr_integrate(child, DW_AT_data_member_location, &attr);
410 int form = dwarf_whatform(&attr);
411 simgrid::dwarf::FormClass form_class = simgrid::dwarf::classify_form(form);
412 switch (form_class) {
413 case simgrid::dwarf::FormClass::ExprLoc:
414 case simgrid::dwarf::FormClass::Block:
415 // Location expression:
419 xbt_assert(not dwarf_getlocation(&attr, &expr, &len),
420 "Could not read location expression DW_AT_data_member_location in DW_TAG_member %s of type <%" PRIx64
422 MC_dwarf_attr_integrate_string(child, DW_AT_name), (uint64_t)type->id, type->name.c_str());
423 member->location_expression = simgrid::dwarf::DwarfExpression(expr, expr + len);
426 case simgrid::dwarf::FormClass::Constant:
427 // Offset from the base address of the object:
430 xbt_assert(not dwarf_formudata(&attr, &offset), "Cannot get %s location <%" PRIx64 ">%s",
431 MC_dwarf_attr_integrate_string(child, DW_AT_name), (uint64_t)type->id, type->name.c_str());
432 member->offset(offset);
437 // includes FormClass::LocListPtr (reference to a location list: TODO) and FormClass::Reference (it's supposed to
438 // be possible in DWARF2 but I couldn't find its semantic in the spec)
439 xbt_die("Can't handle form class (%d) / form 0x%x as DW_AT_member_location", (int)form_class, (unsigned)form);
443 /** @brief Populate the list of members of a type
445 * @param info ELF object containing the type DIE
446 * @param die DIE of the type
447 * @param unit DIE of the compilation unit containing the type DIE
448 * @param type the type
450 static void MC_dwarf_add_members(const simgrid::mc::ObjectInformation* /*info*/, Dwarf_Die* die,
451 const Dwarf_Die* /*unit*/, simgrid::mc::Type* type)
454 xbt_assert(type->members.empty());
455 for (int res = dwarf_child(die, &child); res == 0; res = dwarf_siblingof(&child, &child)) {
456 int tag = dwarf_tag(&child);
457 if (tag == DW_TAG_member || tag == DW_TAG_inheritance) {
458 // Skip declarations:
459 if (MC_dwarf_attr_flag(&child, DW_AT_declaration, false))
462 // Skip compile time constants:
463 if (dwarf_hasattr(&child, DW_AT_const_value))
466 // TODO, we should use another type (because is is not a type but a member)
467 simgrid::mc::Member member;
468 if (tag == DW_TAG_inheritance)
469 member.flags |= simgrid::mc::Member::INHERITANCE_FLAG;
471 const char* name = MC_dwarf_attr_integrate_string(&child, DW_AT_name);
474 // Those base names are used by GCC and clang for virtual table pointers
475 // respectively ("__vptr$ClassName", "__vptr.ClassName"):
476 if (boost::algorithm::starts_with(member.name, "__vptr$") ||
477 boost::algorithm::starts_with(member.name, "__vptr."))
478 member.flags |= simgrid::mc::Member::VIRTUAL_POINTER_FLAG;
479 // A cleaner solution would be to check against the type:
481 // tag: DW_TAG_member
484 // # Type for a pointer to a vtable
485 // tag: DW_TAG_pointer_type
487 // # Type for a vtable:
488 // tag: DW_TAG_pointer_type
489 // name: "__vtbl_ptr_type"
491 // tag: DW_TAG_subroutine_type
493 // tag: DW_TAG_base_type
497 member.byte_size = MC_dwarf_attr_integrate_uint(&child, DW_AT_byte_size, 0);
498 member.type_id = MC_dwarf_at_type(&child);
500 xbt_assert(not dwarf_hasattr(&child, DW_AT_data_bit_offset), "Can't groke DW_AT_data_bit_offset.");
502 MC_dwarf_fill_member_location(type, &member, &child);
504 xbt_assert(member.type_id, "Missing type for member %s of <%" PRIx64 ">%s", member.name.c_str(),
505 (uint64_t)type->id, type->name.c_str());
507 type->members.push_back(std::move(member));
512 /** @brief Create a MC type object from a DIE
514 * @param info current object info object
515 * @param die DIE (for a given type)
516 * @param unit compilation unit of the current DIE
517 * @return MC representation of the type
519 static simgrid::mc::Type MC_dwarf_die_to_type(simgrid::mc::ObjectInformation* info, Dwarf_Die* die, Dwarf_Die* unit,
520 simgrid::mc::Frame* frame, const char* ns)
522 simgrid::mc::Type type;
523 type.type = dwarf_tag(die);
524 type.name = std::string();
525 type.element_count = -1;
528 type.id = dwarf_dieoffset(die);
530 const char* prefix = "";
532 case DW_TAG_structure_type:
535 case DW_TAG_union_type:
538 case DW_TAG_class_type:
545 const char* name = MC_dwarf_attr_integrate_string(die, DW_AT_name);
546 if (name != nullptr) {
548 type.name = simgrid::xbt::string_printf("%s%s::%s", prefix, ns, name);
550 type.name = simgrid::xbt::string_printf("%s%s", prefix, name);
553 type.type_id = MC_dwarf_at_type(die);
555 // Some compilers do not emit DW_AT_byte_size for pointer_type,
556 // so we fill this. We currently assume that the model-checked process is in
557 // the same architecture..
558 if (type.type == DW_TAG_pointer_type)
559 type.byte_size = sizeof(void*);
561 // Computation of the byte_size
562 if (dwarf_hasattr_integrate(die, DW_AT_byte_size))
563 type.byte_size = MC_dwarf_attr_integrate_uint(die, DW_AT_byte_size, 0);
564 else if (type.type == DW_TAG_array_type || type.type == DW_TAG_structure_type || type.type == DW_TAG_class_type) {
566 if (dwarf_aggregate_size(die, &size) == 0)
567 type.byte_size = size;
571 case DW_TAG_array_type:
572 type.element_count = MC_dwarf_array_element_count(die, unit);
573 // TODO, handle DW_byte_stride and (not) DW_bit_stride
576 case DW_TAG_pointer_type:
577 case DW_TAG_reference_type:
578 case DW_TAG_rvalue_reference_type:
581 case DW_TAG_structure_type:
582 case DW_TAG_union_type:
583 case DW_TAG_class_type:
584 MC_dwarf_add_members(info, die, unit, &type);
585 MC_dwarf_handle_children(info, die, unit, frame,
586 ns ? simgrid::xbt::string_printf("%s::%s", ns, name).c_str() : type.name.c_str());
590 XBT_DEBUG("Unhandled type: %d (%s)", type.type, simgrid::dwarf::tagname(type.type));
597 static void MC_dwarf_handle_type_die(simgrid::mc::ObjectInformation* info, Dwarf_Die* die, Dwarf_Die* unit,
598 simgrid::mc::Frame* frame, const char* ns)
600 simgrid::mc::Type type = MC_dwarf_die_to_type(info, die, unit, frame, ns);
601 auto& t = (info->types[type.id] = std::move(type));
602 if (not t.name.empty() && type.byte_size != 0)
603 info->full_types_by_name[t.name] = &t;
606 static std::unique_ptr<simgrid::mc::Variable> MC_die_to_variable(simgrid::mc::ObjectInformation* info, Dwarf_Die* die,
607 const Dwarf_Die* /*unit*/,
608 const simgrid::mc::Frame* frame, const char* ns)
610 // Skip declarations:
611 if (MC_dwarf_attr_flag(die, DW_AT_declaration, false))
614 // Skip compile time constants:
615 if (dwarf_hasattr(die, DW_AT_const_value))
618 Dwarf_Attribute attr_location;
619 if (dwarf_attr(die, DW_AT_location, &attr_location) == nullptr)
620 // No location: do not add it ?
623 auto variable = std::make_unique<simgrid::mc::Variable>();
624 variable->id = dwarf_dieoffset(die);
625 variable->global = frame == nullptr; // Can be override base on DW_AT_location
626 variable->object_info = info;
628 const char* name = MC_dwarf_attr_integrate_string(die, DW_AT_name);
630 variable->name = name;
631 variable->type_id = MC_dwarf_at_type(die);
633 int form = dwarf_whatform(&attr_location);
634 simgrid::dwarf::FormClass form_class;
635 if (form == DW_FORM_sec_offset)
636 form_class = simgrid::dwarf::FormClass::Constant;
638 form_class = simgrid::dwarf::classify_form(form);
639 switch (form_class) {
640 case simgrid::dwarf::FormClass::ExprLoc:
641 case simgrid::dwarf::FormClass::Block:
642 // Location expression:
646 xbt_assert(not dwarf_getlocation(&attr_location, &expr, &len),
647 "Could not read location expression in DW_AT_location "
648 "of variable <%" PRIx64 ">%s",
649 (uint64_t)variable->id, variable->name.c_str());
651 if (len == 1 && expr[0].atom == DW_OP_addr) {
652 variable->global = true;
653 auto offset = static_cast<uintptr_t>(expr[0].number);
654 auto base = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(info->base_address());
655 variable->address = reinterpret_cast<void*>(base + offset);
657 variable->location_list = {
658 simgrid::dwarf::LocationListEntry(simgrid::dwarf::DwarfExpression(expr, expr + len))};
663 case simgrid::dwarf::FormClass::LocListPtr:
664 case simgrid::dwarf::FormClass::Constant:
665 // Reference to location list:
666 variable->location_list = simgrid::dwarf::location_list(*info, attr_location);
670 xbt_die("Unexpected form 0x%x (%i), class 0x%x (%i) list for location in <%" PRIx64 ">%s", (unsigned)form, form,
671 (unsigned)form_class, (int)form_class, (uint64_t)variable->id, variable->name.c_str());
674 // Handle start_scope:
675 if (dwarf_hasattr(die, DW_AT_start_scope)) {
676 Dwarf_Attribute attr;
677 dwarf_attr(die, DW_AT_start_scope, &attr);
678 form = dwarf_whatform(&attr);
679 form_class = simgrid::dwarf::classify_form(form);
680 if (form_class == simgrid::dwarf::FormClass::Constant) {
682 variable->start_scope = dwarf_formudata(&attr, &value) == 0 ? (size_t)value : 0;
684 // TODO: FormClass::RangeListPtr
685 xbt_die("Unhandled form 0x%x, class 0x%X for DW_AT_start_scope of variable %s", (unsigned)form,
686 (unsigned)form_class, name == nullptr ? "?" : name);
690 if (ns && variable->global)
691 variable->name = std::string(ns) + "::" + variable->name;
693 // The current code needs a variable name,
694 // generate a fake one:
695 static int mc_anonymous_variable_index = 0;
696 if (variable->name.empty()) {
697 variable->name = "@anonymous#" + std::to_string(mc_anonymous_variable_index);
698 mc_anonymous_variable_index++;
703 static void MC_dwarf_handle_variable_die(simgrid::mc::ObjectInformation* info, Dwarf_Die* die, const Dwarf_Die* unit,
704 simgrid::mc::Frame* frame, const char* ns)
706 std::unique_ptr<simgrid::mc::Variable> variable = MC_die_to_variable(info, die, unit, frame, ns);
709 // Those arrays are sorted later:
710 if (variable->global)
711 info->global_variables.push_back(std::move(*variable));
712 else if (frame != nullptr)
713 frame->variables.push_back(std::move(*variable));
715 xbt_die("No frame for this local variable");
718 static void MC_dwarf_handle_scope_die(simgrid::mc::ObjectInformation* info, Dwarf_Die* die, Dwarf_Die* unit,
719 simgrid::mc::Frame* parent_frame, const char* ns)
721 // TODO, handle DW_TAG_type/DW_TAG_location for DW_TAG_with_stmt
722 int tag = dwarf_tag(die);
723 simgrid::dwarf::TagClass klass = simgrid::dwarf::classify_tag(tag);
725 // (Template) Subprogram declaration:
726 if (klass == simgrid::dwarf::TagClass::Subprogram && MC_dwarf_attr_flag(die, DW_AT_declaration, false))
729 if (klass == simgrid::dwarf::TagClass::Scope)
730 xbt_assert(parent_frame, "No parent scope for this scope");
732 simgrid::mc::Frame frame;
734 frame.id = dwarf_dieoffset(die);
735 frame.object_info = info;
737 if (klass == simgrid::dwarf::TagClass::Subprogram) {
738 const char* name = MC_dwarf_attr_integrate_string(die, DW_AT_name);
740 frame.name = std::string(ns) + "::" + name;
745 frame.abstract_origin_id = MC_dwarf_attr_dieoffset(die, DW_AT_abstract_origin);
747 // This is the base address for DWARF addresses.
748 // Relocated addresses are offset from this base address.
749 // See DWARF4 spec 7.5
750 auto base = reinterpret_cast<std::uint64_t>(info->base_address());
752 // TODO, support DW_AT_ranges
753 uint64_t low_pc = MC_dwarf_attr_integrate_addr(die, DW_AT_low_pc);
754 frame.range.begin() = low_pc ? base + low_pc : 0;
757 Dwarf_Attribute attr;
758 xbt_assert(dwarf_attr_integrate(die, DW_AT_high_pc, &attr), "Missing DW_AT_high_pc matching with DW_AT_low_pc");
763 switch (simgrid::dwarf::classify_form(dwarf_whatform(&attr))) {
764 // DW_AT_high_pc if an offset from the low_pc:
765 case simgrid::dwarf::FormClass::Constant:
767 xbt_assert(dwarf_formsdata(&attr, &offset) == 0, "Could not read constant");
768 frame.range.end() = frame.range.begin() + offset;
771 // DW_AT_high_pc is a relocatable address:
772 case simgrid::dwarf::FormClass::Address:
773 xbt_assert(dwarf_formaddr(&attr, &high_pc) == 0, "Could not read address");
774 frame.range.end() = base + high_pc;
778 xbt_die("Unexpected class for DW_AT_high_pc");
782 if (klass == simgrid::dwarf::TagClass::Subprogram) {
783 Dwarf_Attribute attr_frame_base;
784 if (dwarf_attr_integrate(die, DW_AT_frame_base, &attr_frame_base))
785 frame.frame_base_location = simgrid::dwarf::location_list(*info, attr_frame_base);
789 MC_dwarf_handle_children(info, die, unit, &frame, ns);
791 // We sort them in order to have an (somewhat) efficient by name
793 boost::range::sort(frame.variables, MC_compare_variable);
796 if (klass == simgrid::dwarf::TagClass::Subprogram)
797 info->subprograms[frame.id] = std::move(frame);
798 else if (klass == simgrid::dwarf::TagClass::Scope)
799 parent_frame->scopes.push_back(std::move(frame));
802 static void mc_dwarf_handle_namespace_die(simgrid::mc::ObjectInformation* info, Dwarf_Die* die, Dwarf_Die* unit,
803 simgrid::mc::Frame* frame, const char* ns)
805 const char* name = MC_dwarf_attr_integrate_string(die, DW_AT_name);
806 xbt_assert(not frame, "Unexpected namespace in a subprogram");
807 char* new_ns = ns == nullptr ? xbt_strdup(name) : bprintf("%s::%s", ns, name);
808 MC_dwarf_handle_children(info, die, unit, frame, new_ns);
812 static void MC_dwarf_handle_children(simgrid::mc::ObjectInformation* info, Dwarf_Die* die, Dwarf_Die* unit,
813 simgrid::mc::Frame* frame, const char* ns)
815 // For each child DIE:
817 for (int res = dwarf_child(die, &child); res == 0; res = dwarf_siblingof(&child, &child))
818 MC_dwarf_handle_die(info, &child, unit, frame, ns);
821 static void MC_dwarf_handle_die(simgrid::mc::ObjectInformation* info, Dwarf_Die* die, Dwarf_Die* unit,
822 simgrid::mc::Frame* frame, const char* ns)
824 int tag = dwarf_tag(die);
825 simgrid::dwarf::TagClass klass = simgrid::dwarf::classify_tag(tag);
828 case simgrid::dwarf::TagClass::Type:
829 MC_dwarf_handle_type_die(info, die, unit, frame, ns);
832 // Subprogram or scope:
833 case simgrid::dwarf::TagClass::Subprogram:
834 case simgrid::dwarf::TagClass::Scope:
835 MC_dwarf_handle_scope_die(info, die, unit, frame, ns);
839 case simgrid::dwarf::TagClass::Variable:
840 MC_dwarf_handle_variable_die(info, die, unit, frame, ns);
843 case simgrid::dwarf::TagClass::Namespace:
844 mc_dwarf_handle_namespace_die(info, die, unit, frame, ns);
852 static Elf64_Half get_type(Elf* elf)
854 const Elf64_Ehdr* ehdr64 = elf64_getehdr(elf);
856 return ehdr64->e_type;
857 const Elf32_Ehdr* ehdr32 = elf32_getehdr(elf);
859 return ehdr32->e_type;
860 xbt_die("Could not get ELF heeader");
863 static void read_dwarf_info(simgrid::mc::ObjectInformation* info, Dwarf* dwarf)
865 // For each compilation unit:
866 Dwarf_Off offset = 0;
867 Dwarf_Off next_offset = 0;
870 while (dwarf_nextcu(dwarf, offset, &next_offset, &length, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr) == 0) {
872 if (dwarf_offdie(dwarf, offset + length, &unit_die) != nullptr)
873 MC_dwarf_handle_children(info, &unit_die, &unit_die, nullptr, nullptr);
874 offset = next_offset;
878 /** Get the build-id (NT_GNU_BUILD_ID) from the ELF file
880 * This build-id may is used to locate an external debug (DWARF) file
883 * @param elf libelf handle for an ELF file
884 * @return build-id for this ELF file (or an empty vector if none is found)
886 static std::vector<char> get_build_id(Elf* elf)
889 // Summary: the GNU build ID is stored in a ("GNU, NT_GNU_BUILD_ID) note
890 // found in a PT_NOTE entry in the program header table.
893 xbt_assert(elf_getphdrnum(elf, &phnum) == 0, "Could not read program headers");
895 // Iterate over the program headers and find the PT_NOTE ones:
896 for (size_t i = 0; i < phnum; ++i) {
898 const GElf_Phdr* phdr = gelf_getphdr(elf, i, &phdr_temp);
899 if (phdr->p_type != PT_NOTE)
902 Elf_Data* data = elf_getdata_rawchunk(elf, phdr->p_offset, phdr->p_filesz, ELF_T_NHDR);
904 // Iterate over the notes and find the NT_GNU_BUILD_ID one:
906 while (pos < data->d_size) {
908 // Location of the name within Elf_Data:
911 pos = gelf_getnote(data, pos, &nhdr, &name_pos, &desc_pos);
912 // A build ID note is identified by the pair ("GNU", NT_GNU_BUILD_ID)
913 // (a namespace and a type within this namespace):
914 if (nhdr.n_type == NT_GNU_BUILD_ID && nhdr.n_namesz == sizeof("GNU") &&
915 memcmp((char*)data->d_buf + name_pos, "GNU", sizeof("GNU")) == 0) {
916 XBT_DEBUG("Found GNU/NT_GNU_BUILD_ID note");
917 char* start = (char*)data->d_buf + desc_pos;
918 char* end = start + nhdr.n_descsz;
919 return std::vector<char>(start, end);
924 return std::vector<char>();
927 /** Binary data to hexadecimal */
928 static inline std::array<char, 2> to_hex(std::uint8_t byte)
930 constexpr std::array<char, 16> hexdigits{
931 {'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f'}};
932 // Horrid double braces!
933 // Apparently, this is needed in C++11 (not in C++14).
934 return {{hexdigits[byte >> 4], hexdigits[byte & 0xF]}};
937 /** Binary data to hexadecimal */
938 static std::string to_hex(const char* data, std::size_t count)
941 res.resize(2 * count);
942 for (std::size_t i = 0; i < count; i++)
943 std::copy_n(cbegin(to_hex(data[i])), 2, &res[2 * i]);
947 /** Binary data to hexadecimal */
948 static std::string to_hex(std::vector<char> const& data)
950 return to_hex(data.data(), data.size());
953 /** Base directories for external debug files */
954 static constexpr auto debug_paths = {
956 "/usr/local/lib/debug/",
959 /** Locate an external debug file from the NT_GNU_BUILD_ID
961 * This is one of the mechanisms used for
962 * [separate debug files](https://sourceware.org/gdb/onlinedocs/gdb/Separate-Debug-Files.html).
965 // /usr/lib/debug/.build-id/0b/dc77f1c29aea2b14ff5acd9a19ab3175ffdeae.debug
966 static std::string find_by_build_id(std::vector<char> id)
968 std::string filename;
969 std::string hex = to_hex(id);
970 for (const char* const& debug_path : debug_paths) {
972 filename = std::string(debug_path) + ".build-id/" + to_hex(id.data(), 1) + '/' +
973 to_hex(id.data() + 1, id.size() - 1) + ".debug";
974 XBT_DEBUG("Checking debug file: %s", filename.c_str());
975 if (access(filename.c_str(), F_OK) == 0) {
976 XBT_DEBUG("Found debug file: %s\n", hex.c_str());
980 XBT_DEBUG("No debug info found for build ID %s\n", hex.data());
981 return std::string();
984 /** @brief Populate the debugging information of the given ELF object
986 * Read the DWARf information of the EFFL object and populate the
987 * lists of types, variables, functions.
989 static void MC_load_dwarf(simgrid::mc::ObjectInformation* info)
991 xbt_assert(elf_version(EV_CURRENT) != EV_NONE, "libelf initialization error");
993 // Open the ELF file:
994 int fd = open(info->file_name.c_str(), O_RDONLY);
995 xbt_assert(fd >= 0, "Could not open file %s", info->file_name.c_str());
996 Elf* elf = elf_begin(fd, ELF_C_READ, nullptr);
997 xbt_assert(elf != nullptr, "Not an ELF file");
998 Elf_Kind kind = elf_kind(elf);
999 xbt_assert(kind == ELF_K_ELF, "Not an ELF file");
1001 // Remember if this is a `ET_EXEC` (fixed location) or `ET_DYN`:
1002 Elf64_Half type = get_type(elf);
1003 if (type == ET_EXEC)
1004 info->flags |= simgrid::mc::ObjectInformation::Executable;
1006 // Read DWARF debug information in the file:
1007 Dwarf* dwarf = dwarf_begin_elf(elf, DWARF_C_READ, nullptr);
1008 if (dwarf != nullptr) {
1009 read_dwarf_info(info, dwarf);
1017 // If there was no DWARF in the file, try to find it in a separate file.
1018 // Different methods might be used to store the DWARF information:
1019 // * GNU NT_GNU_BUILD_ID
1021 // See https://sourceware.org/gdb/onlinedocs/gdb/Separate-Debug-Files.html
1022 // for reference of what we are doing.
1024 // Try with NT_GNU_BUILD_ID: we find the build ID in the ELF file and then
1025 // use this ID to find the file in some known locations in the filesystem.
1026 std::vector<char> build_id = get_build_id(elf);
1027 if (not build_id.empty()) {
1031 // Find the debug file using the build id:
1032 std::string debug_file = find_by_build_id(build_id);
1033 xbt_assert(not debug_file.empty(),
1034 "Missing debug info for %s with build-id %s\n"
1035 "You might want to install the suitable debugging package.\n",
1036 info->file_name.c_str(), to_hex(build_id).c_str());
1038 // Load the DWARF info from this file:
1039 XBT_DEBUG("Load DWARF for %s from %s", info->file_name.c_str(), debug_file.c_str());
1040 fd = open(debug_file.c_str(), O_RDONLY);
1041 xbt_assert(fd >= 0, "Could not open file %s", debug_file.c_str());
1042 dwarf = dwarf_begin(fd, DWARF_C_READ);
1043 xbt_assert(dwarf != nullptr, "No DWARF info in %s for %s", debug_file.c_str(), info->file_name.c_str());
1044 read_dwarf_info(info, dwarf);
1050 // TODO, try to find DWARF info using .gnu_debuglink.
1054 xbt_die("Debugging information not found for %s\n"
1055 "Try recompiling with -g\n",
1056 info->file_name.c_str());
1059 // ***** Functions index
1061 static void MC_make_functions_index(simgrid::mc::ObjectInformation* info)
1063 info->functions_index.clear();
1065 for (auto& e : info->subprograms) {
1066 if (e.second.range.begin() == 0)
1068 simgrid::mc::FunctionIndexEntry entry;
1069 entry.low_pc = (void*)e.second.range.begin();
1070 entry.function = &e.second;
1071 info->functions_index.push_back(entry);
1074 info->functions_index.shrink_to_fit();
1076 // Sort the array by low_pc:
1077 boost::range::sort(info->functions_index,
1078 [](simgrid::mc::FunctionIndexEntry const& a, simgrid::mc::FunctionIndexEntry const& b) {
1079 return a.low_pc < b.low_pc;
1083 static void MC_post_process_variables(simgrid::mc::ObjectInformation* info)
1085 // Someone needs this to be sorted but who?
1086 boost::range::sort(info->global_variables, MC_compare_variable);
1088 for (simgrid::mc::Variable& variable : info->global_variables)
1089 if (variable.type_id)
1090 variable.type = simgrid::util::find_map_ptr(info->types, variable.type_id);
1093 static void mc_post_process_scope(simgrid::mc::ObjectInformation* info, simgrid::mc::Frame* scope)
1095 if (scope->tag == DW_TAG_inlined_subroutine) {
1096 // Attach correct namespaced name in inlined subroutine:
1097 auto i = info->subprograms.find(scope->abstract_origin_id);
1098 xbt_assert(i != info->subprograms.end(), "Could not lookup abstract origin %" PRIx64,
1099 (std::uint64_t)scope->abstract_origin_id);
1100 scope->name = i->second.name;
1104 for (simgrid::mc::Variable& variable : scope->variables)
1105 if (variable.type_id)
1106 variable.type = simgrid::util::find_map_ptr(info->types, variable.type_id);
1108 // Recursive post-processing of nested-scopes:
1109 for (simgrid::mc::Frame& nested_scope : scope->scopes)
1110 mc_post_process_scope(info, &nested_scope);
1113 static simgrid::mc::Type* MC_resolve_type(simgrid::mc::ObjectInformation* info, unsigned type_id)
1117 simgrid::mc::Type* type = simgrid::util::find_map_ptr(info->types, type_id);
1118 if (type == nullptr)
1121 // We already have the information on the type:
1122 if (type->byte_size != 0)
1125 // Don't have a name, we can't find a more complete version:
1126 if (type->name.empty())
1129 // Try to find a more complete description of the type:
1130 // We need to fix in order to support C++.
1131 simgrid::mc::Type** subtype = simgrid::util::find_map_ptr(info->full_types_by_name, type->name);
1137 static void MC_post_process_types(simgrid::mc::ObjectInformation* info)
1139 // Lookup "subtype" field:
1140 for (auto& i : info->types) {
1141 i.second.subtype = MC_resolve_type(info, i.second.type_id);
1142 for (simgrid::mc::Member& member : i.second.members)
1143 member.type = MC_resolve_type(info, member.type_id);
1150 /** @brief Finds information about a given shared object/executable */
1151 std::shared_ptr<ObjectInformation> createObjectInformation(std::vector<xbt::VmMap> const& maps, const char* name)
1153 auto result = std::make_shared<ObjectInformation>();
1154 result->file_name = name;
1155 simgrid::mc::find_object_address(maps, result.get());
1156 MC_load_dwarf(result.get());
1157 MC_post_process_variables(result.get());
1158 MC_post_process_types(result.get());
1159 for (auto& entry : result.get()->subprograms)
1160 mc_post_process_scope(result.get(), &entry.second);
1161 MC_make_functions_index(result.get());
1165 /*************************************************************************/
1167 void postProcessObjectInformation(const RemoteProcess* process, ObjectInformation* info)
1169 for (auto& t : info->types) {
1170 Type* type = &(t.second);
1171 Type* subtype = type;
1172 while (subtype->type == DW_TAG_typedef || subtype->type == DW_TAG_volatile_type ||
1173 subtype->type == DW_TAG_const_type)
1174 if (subtype->subtype)
1175 subtype = subtype->subtype;
1179 // Resolve full_type:
1180 if (not subtype->name.empty() && subtype->byte_size == 0)
1181 for (auto const& object_info : process->object_infos) {
1182 auto i = object_info->full_types_by_name.find(subtype->name);
1183 if (i != object_info->full_types_by_name.end() && not i->second->name.empty() && i->second->byte_size) {
1184 type->full_type = i->second;
1189 type->full_type = subtype;
1194 } // namespace simgrid
1199 /** Convert a DWARF register into a libunwind register
1201 * DWARF and libunwind does not use the same convention for numbering the
1202 * registers on some architectures. The function makes the necessary
1205 int dwarf_register_to_libunwind(int dwarf_register)
1207 #if defined(__x86_64__)
1208 // It seems for this arch, DWARF and libunwind agree in the numbering:
1209 return dwarf_register;
1210 #elif defined(__i386__)
1211 // Couldn't find the authoritative source of information for this.
1212 // This is inspired from http://source.winehq.org/source/dlls/dbghelp/cpu_i386.c#L517.
1213 constexpr std::array<int, 24> regs{
1214 {/* 0 */ UNW_X86_EAX, /* 1 */ UNW_X86_ECX, /* 2 */ UNW_X86_EDX, /* 3 */ UNW_X86_EBX,
1215 /* 4 */ UNW_X86_ESP, /* 5 */ UNW_X86_EBP, /* 6 */ UNW_X86_ESI, /* 7 */ UNW_X86_EDI,
1216 /* 8 */ UNW_X86_EIP, /* 9 */ UNW_X86_EFLAGS, /* 10 */ UNW_X86_CS, /* 11 */ UNW_X86_SS,
1217 /* 12 */ UNW_X86_DS, /* 13 */ UNW_X86_ES, /* 14 */ UNW_X86_FS, /* 15 */ UNW_X86_GS,
1218 /* 16 */ UNW_X86_ST0, /* 17 */ UNW_X86_ST1, /* 18 */ UNW_X86_ST2, /* 19 */ UNW_X86_ST3,
1219 /* 20 */ UNW_X86_ST4, /* 21 */ UNW_X86_ST5, /* 22 */ UNW_X86_ST6, /* 23 */ UNW_X86_ST7}};
1220 return regs.at(dwarf_register);
1222 #error This architecture is not supported yet for DWARF expression evaluation.
1226 } // namespace dwarf
1227 } // namespace simgrid