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Make field 'mc::ActorState::times_considered' private.
[simgrid.git] / src / mc / api.cpp
index c49b889..cdb3224 100644 (file)
@@ -1,22 +1,32 @@
+/* Copyright (c) 2020-2021. The SimGrid Team. All rights reserved.          */
+
+/* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the license (GNU LGPL) which comes with this package. */
+
 #include "api.hpp"
 
 #include "src/kernel/activity/MailboxImpl.hpp"
 #include "src/kernel/activity/MutexImpl.hpp"
+#include "src/kernel/actor/SimcallObserver.hpp"
 #include "src/mc/Session.hpp"
-#include "src/mc/checker/SimcallInspector.hpp"
+#include "src/mc/checker/Checker.hpp"
+#include "src/mc/mc_base.hpp"
 #include "src/mc/mc_comm_pattern.hpp"
+#include "src/mc/mc_exit.hpp"
 #include "src/mc/mc_pattern.hpp"
 #include "src/mc/mc_private.hpp"
-#include "src/mc/mc_smx.hpp"
-#include "src/mc/remote/RemoteSimulation.hpp"
+#include "src/mc/remote/RemoteProcess.hpp"
+#include "src/surf/HostImpl.hpp"
+
 #include <xbt/asserts.h>
 #include <xbt/log.h>
-
+#include "simgrid/s4u/Host.hpp"
+#include "xbt/string.hpp"
 #if HAVE_SMPI
 #include "src/smpi/include/smpi_request.hpp"
 #endif
 
-XBT_LOG_NEW_DEFAULT_SUBCATEGORY(Api, mc, "Logging specific to MC Fasade APIs ");
+XBT_LOG_NEW_DEFAULT_SUBCATEGORY(Api, mc, "Logging specific to MC Facade APIs ");
 
 using Simcall = simgrid::simix::Simcall;
 
@@ -31,20 +41,44 @@ static inline const char* get_color(int id)
   return colors[id % colors.size()];
 }
 
-static char* pointer_to_string(void* pointer)
+static std::string pointer_to_string(void* pointer)
 {
-  if (XBT_LOG_ISENABLED(Api, xbt_log_priority_verbose))
-    return bprintf("%p", pointer);
+  return XBT_LOG_ISENABLED(Api, xbt_log_priority_verbose) ? xbt::string_printf("%p", pointer) : "(verbose only)";
+}
 
-  return xbt_strdup("(verbose only)");
+static std::string buff_size_to_string(size_t buff_size)
+{
+  return XBT_LOG_ISENABLED(Api, xbt_log_priority_verbose) ? std::to_string(buff_size) : "(verbose only)";
 }
 
-static char* buff_size_to_string(size_t buff_size)
+static void simcall_translate(smx_simcall_t req,
+                              simgrid::mc::Remote<simgrid::kernel::activity::CommImpl>& buffered_comm);
+
+static bool request_is_enabled_by_idx(const RemoteProcess& process, smx_simcall_t req, unsigned int idx)
 {
-  if (XBT_LOG_ISENABLED(Api, xbt_log_priority_verbose))
-    return bprintf("%zu", buff_size);
+  kernel::activity::CommImpl* remote_act = nullptr;
+  switch (req->call_) {
+    case Simcall::COMM_WAIT:
+      /* FIXME: check also that src and dst processes are not suspended */
+      remote_act = simcall_comm_wait__getraw__comm(req);
+      break;
+
+    case Simcall::COMM_WAITANY:
+      remote_act = process.read(remote(simcall_comm_waitany__get__comms(req) + idx));
+      break;
 
-  return xbt_strdup("(verbose only)");
+    case Simcall::COMM_TESTANY:
+      remote_act = process.read(remote(simcall_comm_testany__get__comms(req) + idx));
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      return true;
+  }
+
+  Remote<kernel::activity::CommImpl> temp_comm;
+  process.read(temp_comm, remote(remote_act));
+  const kernel::activity::CommImpl* comm = temp_comm.get_buffer();
+  return comm->src_actor_.get() && comm->dst_actor_.get();
 }
 
 /* Search an enabled transition for the given process.
@@ -59,374 +93,482 @@ static char* buff_size_to_string(size_t buff_size)
  * Things can get muddled with the WAITANY and TESTANY simcalls, that are rewritten on the fly to a bunch of WAIT
  * (resp TEST) transitions using the transition.argument field to remember what was the last returned sub-transition.
  */
-static inline smx_simcall_t MC_state_choose_request_for_process(simgrid::mc::State* state, smx_actor_t actor)
+static inline smx_simcall_t MC_state_choose_request_for_process(const RemoteProcess& process, simgrid::mc::State* state,
+                                                                smx_actor_t actor)
 {
   /* reset the outgoing transition */
   simgrid::mc::ActorState* procstate = &state->actor_states_[actor->get_pid()];
-  state->transition_.pid_            = -1;
-  state->transition_.argument_       = -1;
+  state->transition_.aid_              = -1;
+  state->transition_.times_considered_ = -1;
+  state->transition_.textual[0]        = '\0';
   state->executed_req_.call_         = Simcall::NONE;
 
   if (not simgrid::mc::actor_is_enabled(actor))
     return nullptr; // Not executable in the application
 
   smx_simcall_t req = nullptr;
-  switch (actor->simcall_.call_) {
-    case Simcall::COMM_WAITANY:
-      state->transition_.argument_ = -1;
-      while (procstate->times_considered < simcall_comm_waitany__get__count(&actor->simcall_)) {
-        if (simgrid::mc::request_is_enabled_by_idx(&actor->simcall_, procstate->times_considered)) {
-          state->transition_.argument_ = procstate->times_considered;
-          ++procstate->times_considered;
-          break;
+  if (actor->simcall_.observer_ != nullptr) {
+    state->transition_.times_considered_ = procstate->get_times_considered_and_inc();
+    if (actor->simcall_.mc_max_consider_ <= procstate->get_times_considered())
+      procstate->set_done();
+    req = &actor->simcall_;
+  } else
+    switch (actor->simcall_.call_) {
+      case Simcall::COMM_WAITANY:
+        state->transition_.times_considered_ = -1;
+        while (procstate->get_times_considered() < simcall_comm_waitany__get__count(&actor->simcall_)) {
+          if (simgrid::mc::request_is_enabled_by_idx(process, &actor->simcall_, procstate->get_times_considered())) {
+            state->transition_.times_considered_ = procstate->get_times_considered_and_inc();
+            break;
+          }
+          procstate->get_times_considered_and_inc();
         }
-        ++procstate->times_considered;
-      }
-
-      if (procstate->times_considered >= simcall_comm_waitany__get__count(&actor->simcall_))
-        procstate->set_done();
-      if (state->transition_.argument_ != -1)
-        req = &actor->simcall_;
-      break;
 
-    case Simcall::COMM_TESTANY: {
-      unsigned start_count         = procstate->times_considered;
-      state->transition_.argument_ = -1;
-      while (procstate->times_considered < simcall_comm_testany__get__count(&actor->simcall_)) {
-        if (simgrid::mc::request_is_enabled_by_idx(&actor->simcall_, procstate->times_considered)) {
-          state->transition_.argument_ = procstate->times_considered;
-          ++procstate->times_considered;
-          break;
+        if (procstate->get_times_considered() >= simcall_comm_waitany__get__count(&actor->simcall_))
+          procstate->set_done();
+        if (state->transition_.times_considered_ != -1)
+          req = &actor->simcall_;
+        break;
+
+      case Simcall::COMM_TESTANY:
+        state->transition_.times_considered_ = -1;
+        while (procstate->get_times_considered() < simcall_comm_testany__get__count(&actor->simcall_)) {
+          if (simgrid::mc::request_is_enabled_by_idx(process, &actor->simcall_, procstate->get_times_considered())) {
+            state->transition_.times_considered_ = procstate->get_times_considered_and_inc();
+            break;
+          }
+          procstate->get_times_considered_and_inc();
         }
-        ++procstate->times_considered;
-      }
 
-      if (procstate->times_considered >= simcall_comm_testany__get__count(&actor->simcall_))
+        if (procstate->get_times_considered() >= simcall_comm_testany__get__count(&actor->simcall_))
+          procstate->set_done();
+        if (state->transition_.times_considered_ != -1)
+          req = &actor->simcall_;
+        break;
+
+      case Simcall::COMM_WAIT: {
+        simgrid::mc::RemotePtr<simgrid::kernel::activity::CommImpl> remote_act =
+            remote(simcall_comm_wait__get__comm(&actor->simcall_));
+        simgrid::mc::Remote<simgrid::kernel::activity::CommImpl> temp_act;
+        process.read(temp_act, remote_act);
+        const simgrid::kernel::activity::CommImpl* act = temp_act.get_buffer();
+        if (act->src_actor_.get() && act->dst_actor_.get())
+          state->transition_.times_considered_ = 0; // OK
+        else if (act->src_actor_.get() == nullptr && act->state_ == simgrid::kernel::activity::State::READY &&
+                 act->detached())
+          state->transition_.times_considered_ = 0; // OK
+        else
+          state->transition_.times_considered_ = -1; // timeout
         procstate->set_done();
-
-      if (state->transition_.argument_ != -1 || start_count == 0)
         req = &actor->simcall_;
+        break;
+      }
 
-      break;
-    }
-
-    case Simcall::COMM_WAIT: {
-      simgrid::mc::RemotePtr<simgrid::kernel::activity::CommImpl> remote_act =
-          remote(simcall_comm_wait__getraw__comm(&actor->simcall_));
-      simgrid::mc::Remote<simgrid::kernel::activity::CommImpl> temp_act;
-      mc_model_checker->get_remote_simulation().read(temp_act, remote_act);
-      const simgrid::kernel::activity::CommImpl* act = temp_act.get_buffer();
-      if (act->src_actor_.get() && act->dst_actor_.get())
-        state->transition_.argument_ = 0; // OK
-      else if (act->src_actor_.get() == nullptr && act->type_ == simgrid::kernel::activity::CommImpl::Type::READY &&
-               act->detached())
-        state->transition_.argument_ = 0; // OK
-      else
-        state->transition_.argument_ = -1; // timeout
-      procstate->set_done();
-      req = &actor->simcall_;
-      break;
-    }
-
-    case Simcall::MC_RANDOM: {
-      int min_value                = simcall_mc_random__get__min(&actor->simcall_);
-      state->transition_.argument_ = procstate->times_considered + min_value;
-      procstate->times_considered++;
-      if (state->transition_.argument_ == simcall_mc_random__get__max(&actor->simcall_))
+      default:
         procstate->set_done();
-      req = &actor->simcall_;
-      break;
+        state->transition_.times_considered_ = 0;
+        req                                  = &actor->simcall_;
+        break;
     }
-
-    default:
-      procstate->set_done();
-      state->transition_.argument_ = 0;
-      req                          = &actor->simcall_;
-      break;
-  }
   if (not req)
     return nullptr;
 
-  state->transition_.pid_ = actor->get_pid();
+  state->transition_.aid_ = actor->get_pid();
   state->executed_req_    = *req;
+
   // Fetch the data of the request and translate it:
   state->internal_req_ = *req;
+  state->internal_req_.mc_value_ = state->transition_.times_considered_;
+  simcall_translate(&state->internal_req_, state->internal_comm_);
+
+  return req;
+}
+
+static void simcall_translate(smx_simcall_t req,
+                              simgrid::mc::Remote<simgrid::kernel::activity::CommImpl>& buffered_comm)
+{
+  simgrid::kernel::activity::CommImpl* chosen_comm;
 
   /* The waitany and testany request are transformed into a wait or test request over the corresponding communication
    * action so it can be treated later by the dependence function. */
   switch (req->call_) {
-    case Simcall::COMM_WAITANY: {
-      state->internal_req_.call_ = Simcall::COMM_WAIT;
-      simgrid::kernel::activity::CommImpl* remote_comm;
-      remote_comm = mc_model_checker->get_remote_simulation().read(
-          remote(simcall_comm_waitany__get__comms(req) + state->transition_.argument_));
-      mc_model_checker->get_remote_simulation().read(state->internal_comm_, remote(remote_comm));
-      simcall_comm_wait__set__comm(&state->internal_req_, state->internal_comm_.get_buffer());
-      simcall_comm_wait__set__timeout(&state->internal_req_, 0);
+    case Simcall::COMM_WAITANY:
+      req->call_  = Simcall::COMM_WAIT;
+      chosen_comm =
+          mc_model_checker->get_remote_process().read(remote(simcall_comm_waitany__get__comms(req) + req->mc_value_));
+
+      mc_model_checker->get_remote_process().read(buffered_comm, remote(chosen_comm));
+      simcall_comm_wait__set__comm(req, buffered_comm.get_buffer());
+      simcall_comm_wait__set__timeout(req, 0);
       break;
-    }
 
     case Simcall::COMM_TESTANY:
-      state->internal_req_.call_ = Simcall::COMM_TEST;
-
-      if (state->transition_.argument_ > 0) {
-        simgrid::kernel::activity::CommImpl* remote_comm = mc_model_checker->get_remote_simulation().read(
-            remote(simcall_comm_testany__get__comms(req) + state->transition_.argument_));
-        mc_model_checker->get_remote_simulation().read(state->internal_comm_, remote(remote_comm));
-      }
+      req->call_  = Simcall::COMM_TEST;
+      chosen_comm =
+          mc_model_checker->get_remote_process().read(remote(simcall_comm_testany__get__comms(req) + req->mc_value_));
 
-      simcall_comm_test__set__comm(&state->internal_req_, state->internal_comm_.get_buffer());
-      simcall_comm_test__set__result(&state->internal_req_, state->transition_.argument_);
+      mc_model_checker->get_remote_process().read(buffered_comm, remote(chosen_comm));
+      simcall_comm_test__set__comm(req, buffered_comm.get_buffer());
+      simcall_comm_test__set__result(req, req->mc_value_);
       break;
 
     case Simcall::COMM_WAIT:
-      mc_model_checker->get_remote_simulation().read_bytes(&state->internal_comm_, sizeof(state->internal_comm_),
-                                                           remote(simcall_comm_wait__getraw__comm(req)));
-      simcall_comm_wait__set__comm(&state->executed_req_, state->internal_comm_.get_buffer());
-      simcall_comm_wait__set__comm(&state->internal_req_, state->internal_comm_.get_buffer());
+      chosen_comm = simcall_comm_wait__get__comm(req);
+      mc_model_checker->get_remote_process().read(buffered_comm, remote(chosen_comm));
+      simcall_comm_wait__set__comm(req, buffered_comm.get_buffer());
       break;
 
     case Simcall::COMM_TEST:
-      mc_model_checker->get_remote_simulation().read_bytes(&state->internal_comm_, sizeof(state->internal_comm_),
-                                                           remote(simcall_comm_test__getraw__comm(req)));
-      simcall_comm_test__set__comm(&state->executed_req_, state->internal_comm_.get_buffer());
-      simcall_comm_test__set__comm(&state->internal_req_, state->internal_comm_.get_buffer());
+      chosen_comm = simcall_comm_test__get__comm(req);
+      mc_model_checker->get_remote_process().read(buffered_comm, remote(chosen_comm));
+      simcall_comm_test__set__comm(req, buffered_comm.get_buffer());
       break;
 
     default:
       /* No translation needed */
       break;
   }
+}
 
-  return req;
+simgrid::kernel::activity::CommImpl* Api::get_comm_or_nullptr(smx_simcall_t const r) const
+{
+  if (r->call_ == Simcall::COMM_WAIT)
+    return simcall_comm_wait__get__comm(r);
+  if (r->call_ == Simcall::COMM_TEST)
+    return simcall_comm_test__get__comm(r);
+  return nullptr;
 }
 
-simgrid::kernel::activity::CommImpl* Api::get_comm(smx_simcall_t const r) const
+/** Statically "upcast" a s_smx_actor_t into an ActorInformation
+ *
+ *  This gets 'actorInfo' from '&actorInfo->copy'. It upcasts in the
+ *  sense that we could achieve the same thing by having ActorInformation
+ *  inherit from s_smx_actor_t but we don't really want to do that.
+ */
+simgrid::mc::ActorInformation* Api::actor_info_cast(smx_actor_t actor) const
 {
-  switch (r->call_) {
-    case Simcall::COMM_WAIT:
-      return simcall_comm_wait__getraw__comm(r);
-    case Simcall::COMM_TEST:
-      return simcall_comm_test__getraw__comm(r);
-    default:
-      return nullptr;
-  }
+  simgrid::mc::ActorInformation temp;
+  std::size_t offset = (char*)temp.copy.get_buffer() - (char*)&temp;
+
+  auto* process_info = reinterpret_cast<simgrid::mc::ActorInformation*>((char*)actor - offset);
+  return process_info;
 }
 
-// Does half the job
-bool Api::request_depend_asymmetric(smx_simcall_t r1, smx_simcall_t r2) const 
+bool Api::simcall_check_dependency(smx_simcall_t req1, smx_simcall_t req2) const
 {
-  if (r1->call_ == Simcall::COMM_ISEND && r2->call_ == Simcall::COMM_IRECV)
-    return false;
+  const auto IRECV = Simcall::COMM_IRECV;
+  const auto ISEND = Simcall::COMM_ISEND;
+  const auto TEST  = Simcall::COMM_TEST;
+  const auto WAIT  = Simcall::COMM_WAIT;
 
-  if (r1->call_ == Simcall::COMM_IRECV && r2->call_ == Simcall::COMM_ISEND)
+  if (req1->issuer_ == req2->issuer_)
     return false;
 
-  // Those are internal requests, we do not need indirection because those objects are copies:
-  const kernel::activity::CommImpl* synchro1 = get_comm(r1);
-  const kernel::activity::CommImpl* synchro2 = get_comm(r2);
+  /* The independence theorem only consider 4 simcalls. All others are dependent with anything. */
+  if (req1->call_ != ISEND && req1->call_ != IRECV && req1->call_ != TEST && req1->call_ != WAIT)
+    return true;
+  if (req2->call_ != ISEND && req2->call_ != IRECV && req2->call_ != TEST && req2->call_ != WAIT)
+    return true;
 
-  if ((r1->call_ == Simcall::COMM_ISEND || r1->call_ == Simcall::COMM_IRECV) && r2->call_ == Simcall::COMM_WAIT) {
-    const kernel::activity::MailboxImpl* mbox = get_mbox_remote_addr(r1);
+  /* Timeouts in wait transitions are not considered by the independence theorem, thus assumed dependent */
+  if ((req1->call_ == WAIT && simcall_comm_wait__get__timeout(req1) > 0) ||
+      (req2->call_ == WAIT && simcall_comm_wait__get__timeout(req2) > 0))
+    return true;
 
-    if (mbox != synchro2->mbox_cpy
-        && simcall_comm_wait__get__timeout(r2) <= 0)
+  /* Make sure that req1 and req2 are in alphabetic order */
+  if (req1->call_ > req2->call_) {
+    auto temp = req1;
+    req1      = req2;
+    req2      = temp;
+  }
+
+  auto comm1 = get_comm_or_nullptr(req1);
+  auto comm2 = get_comm_or_nullptr(req2);
+
+  /* First case: that's not the same kind of request (we also know that req1 < req2 alphabetically) */
+  if (req1->call_ != req2->call_) {
+    if (req1->call_ == IRECV && req2->call_ == ISEND)
       return false;
 
-    if ((r1->issuer_ != synchro2->src_actor_.get()) && (r1->issuer_ != synchro2->dst_actor_.get()) &&
-        simcall_comm_wait__get__timeout(r2) <= 0)
+    if ((req1->call_ == IRECV || req1->call_ == ISEND) && req2->call_ == WAIT) {
+      auto mbox1 = get_mbox_remote_addr(req1);
+      auto mbox2 = remote(comm2->mbox_cpy);
+
+      if (mbox1 != mbox2 && simcall_comm_wait__get__timeout(req2) <= 0)
+        return false;
+
+      if ((req1->issuer_ != comm2->src_actor_.get()) && (req1->issuer_ != comm2->dst_actor_.get()) &&
+          simcall_comm_wait__get__timeout(req2) <= 0)
+        return false;
+
+      if ((req1->call_ == ISEND) && (comm2->type_ == kernel::activity::CommImpl::Type::SEND) &&
+          (comm2->src_buff_ != simcall_comm_isend__get__src_buff(req1)) && simcall_comm_wait__get__timeout(req2) <= 0)
+        return false;
+
+      if ((req1->call_ == IRECV) && (comm2->type_ == kernel::activity::CommImpl::Type::RECEIVE) &&
+          (comm2->dst_buff_ != simcall_comm_irecv__get__dst_buff(req1)) && simcall_comm_wait__get__timeout(req2) <= 0)
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /* FIXME: the following rule assumes that the result of the isend/irecv call is not stored in a buffer used in the
+     * test call. */
+#if 0
+  if((req1->call == ISEND || req1->call == IRECV)
+      &&  req2->call == TEST)
+    return false;
+#endif
+
+    if (req1->call_ == TEST && req2->call_ == WAIT &&
+        (comm1->src_actor_.get() == nullptr || comm1->dst_actor_.get() == nullptr))
       return false;
 
-    if ((r1->call_ == Simcall::COMM_ISEND) && (synchro2->type_ == kernel::activity::CommImpl::Type::SEND) &&
-        (synchro2->src_buff_ != simcall_comm_isend__get__src_buff(r1)) && simcall_comm_wait__get__timeout(r2) <= 0)
+    if (req1->call_ == TEST &&
+        (simcall_comm_test__get__comm(req1) == nullptr || comm1->src_buff_ == nullptr || comm1->dst_buff_ == nullptr))
+      return false;
+    if (req2->call_ == TEST &&
+        (simcall_comm_test__get__comm(req2) == nullptr || comm2->src_buff_ == nullptr || comm2->dst_buff_ == nullptr))
+      return false;
+
+    if (req1->call_ == TEST && req2->call_ == WAIT && comm1->src_buff_ == comm2->src_buff_ &&
+        comm1->dst_buff_ == comm2->dst_buff_)
       return false;
 
-    if ((r1->call_ == Simcall::COMM_IRECV) && (synchro2->type_ == kernel::activity::CommImpl::Type::RECEIVE) &&
-        (synchro2->dst_buff_ != simcall_comm_irecv__get__dst_buff(r1)) && simcall_comm_wait__get__timeout(r2) <= 0)
+    if (req1->call_ == TEST && req2->call_ == WAIT && comm1->src_buff_ != nullptr && comm1->dst_buff_ != nullptr &&
+        comm2->src_buff_ != nullptr && comm2->dst_buff_ != nullptr && comm1->dst_buff_ != comm2->src_buff_ &&
+        comm1->dst_buff_ != comm2->dst_buff_ && comm2->dst_buff_ != comm1->src_buff_)
       return false;
+
+    return true;
   }
 
-  /* FIXME: the following rule assumes that the result of the isend/irecv call is not stored in a buffer used in the
-   * test call. */
-#if 0
-  if((r1->call == Simcall::COMM_ISEND || r1->call == Simcall::COMM_IRECV)
-      &&  r2->call == Simcall::COMM_TEST)
-    return false;
-#endif
+  /* Second case: req1 and req2 are of the same call type */
+  switch (req1->call_) {
+    case ISEND:
+      return simcall_comm_isend__get__mbox(req1) == simcall_comm_isend__get__mbox(req2);
+    case IRECV:
+      return simcall_comm_irecv__get__mbox(req1) == simcall_comm_irecv__get__mbox(req2);
+    case WAIT:
+      if (comm1->src_buff_ == comm2->src_buff_ && comm1->dst_buff_ == comm2->dst_buff_)
+        return false;
+      if (comm1->src_buff_ != nullptr && comm1->dst_buff_ != nullptr && comm2->src_buff_ != nullptr &&
+          comm2->dst_buff_ != nullptr && comm1->dst_buff_ != comm2->src_buff_ && comm1->dst_buff_ != comm2->dst_buff_ &&
+          comm2->dst_buff_ != comm1->src_buff_)
+        return false;
+      return true;
+    default:
+      return true;
+  }
+}
 
-  if (r1->call_ == Simcall::COMM_WAIT && (r2->call_ == Simcall::COMM_WAIT || r2->call_ == Simcall::COMM_TEST) &&
-      (synchro1->src_actor_.get() == nullptr || synchro1->dst_actor_.get() == nullptr))
-    return false;
+xbt::string const& Api::get_actor_host_name(smx_actor_t actor) const
+{
+  if (mc_model_checker == nullptr)
+    return actor->get_host()->get_name();
 
-  if (r1->call_ == Simcall::COMM_TEST &&
-      (simcall_comm_test__get__comm(r1) == nullptr || synchro1->src_buff_ == nullptr || synchro1->dst_buff_ == nullptr))
-    return false;
+  const simgrid::mc::RemoteProcess* process = &mc_model_checker->get_remote_process();
 
-  if (r1->call_ == Simcall::COMM_TEST && r2->call_ == Simcall::COMM_WAIT &&
-      synchro1->src_buff_ == synchro2->src_buff_ && synchro1->dst_buff_ == synchro2->dst_buff_)
-    return false;
+  // Read the simgrid::xbt::string in the MCed process:
+  simgrid::mc::ActorInformation* info = actor_info_cast(actor);
 
-  if (r1->call_ == Simcall::COMM_WAIT && r2->call_ == Simcall::COMM_TEST && synchro1->src_buff_ != nullptr &&
-      synchro1->dst_buff_ != nullptr && synchro2->src_buff_ != nullptr && synchro2->dst_buff_ != nullptr &&
-      synchro1->dst_buff_ != synchro2->src_buff_ && synchro1->dst_buff_ != synchro2->dst_buff_ &&
-      synchro2->dst_buff_ != synchro1->src_buff_)
-    return false;
+  if (not info->hostname) {
+    Remote<s4u::Host> temp_host = process->read(remote(actor->get_host()));
+    auto remote_string_address  = remote(&xbt::string::to_string_data(temp_host.get_buffer()->get_impl()->get_name()));
+    simgrid::xbt::string_data remote_string = process->read(remote_string_address);
+    std::vector<char> hostname(remote_string.len + 1);
+    // no need to read the terminating null byte, and thus hostname[remote_string.len] is guaranteed to be '\0'
+    process->read_bytes(hostname.data(), remote_string.len, remote(remote_string.data));
+    info->hostname = &mc_model_checker->get_host_name(hostname.data());
+  }
+  return *info->hostname;
+}
+
+xbt::string const& Api::get_actor_name(smx_actor_t actor) const
+{
+  if (mc_model_checker == nullptr)
+    return actor->get_name();
+
+  simgrid::mc::ActorInformation* info = actor_info_cast(actor);
+  if (info->name.empty()) {
+    const simgrid::mc::RemoteProcess* process = &mc_model_checker->get_remote_process();
+
+    simgrid::xbt::string_data string_data = simgrid::xbt::string::to_string_data(actor->name_);
+    info->name = process->read_string(remote(string_data.data), string_data.len);
+  }
+  return info->name;
+}
+
+std::string Api::get_actor_string(smx_actor_t actor) const
+{
+  std::string res;
+  if (actor) {
+    res = "(" + std::to_string(actor->get_pid()) + ")";
+    if (actor->get_host())
+      res += std::string(get_actor_host_name(actor)) + " (" + std::string(get_actor_name(actor)) + ")";
+    else
+      res += get_actor_name(actor);
+  } else
+    res = "(0) ()";
+  return res;
+}
 
-  return true;
+std::string Api::get_actor_dot_label(smx_actor_t actor) const
+{
+  std::string res = "(" + std::to_string(actor->get_pid()) + ")";
+  if (actor->get_host())
+    res += get_actor_host_name(actor);
+  return res;
 }
 
-void Api::initialize(char** argv) const
+simgrid::mc::Checker* Api::initialize(char** argv, simgrid::mc::CheckerAlgorithm algo) const
 {
-  simgrid::mc::session = new simgrid::mc::Session([argv] {
+  auto session = new simgrid::mc::Session([argv] {
     int i = 1;
     while (argv[i] != nullptr && argv[i][0] == '-')
       i++;
     xbt_assert(argv[i] != nullptr,
                "Unable to find a binary to exec on the command line. Did you only pass config flags?");
     execvp(argv[i], argv + i);
-    xbt_die("The model-checked process failed to exec(): %s", strerror(errno));
+    xbt_die("The model-checked process failed to exec(%s): %s", argv[i], strerror(errno));
   });
-}
 
-std::vector<simgrid::mc::ActorInformation>& Api::get_actors() const
-{
-  return mc_model_checker->get_remote_simulation().actors();
+  simgrid::mc::Checker* checker;
+  switch (algo) {
+    case CheckerAlgorithm::CommDeterminism:
+      checker = simgrid::mc::create_communication_determinism_checker(session);
+      break;
+
+    case CheckerAlgorithm::UDPOR:
+      checker = simgrid::mc::create_udpor_checker(session);
+      break;
+
+    case CheckerAlgorithm::Safety:
+      checker = simgrid::mc::create_safety_checker(session);
+      break;
+
+    case CheckerAlgorithm::Liveness:
+      checker = simgrid::mc::create_liveness_checker(session);
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      THROW_IMPOSSIBLE;
+  }
+
+  // FIXME: session and checker are never deleted
+  simgrid::mc::session_singleton = session;
+  mc_model_checker->setChecker(checker);
+  return checker;
 }
 
-bool Api::actor_is_enabled(aid_t pid) const
+std::vector<simgrid::mc::ActorInformation>& Api::get_actors() const
 {
-  return session->actor_is_enabled(pid);
+  return mc_model_checker->get_remote_process().actors();
 }
 
 unsigned long Api::get_maxpid() const
 {
-  return MC_smx_get_maxpid();
+  return mc_model_checker->get_remote_process().get_maxpid();
 }
 
 int Api::get_actors_size() const
 {
-  return mc_model_checker->get_remote_simulation().actors().size();
+  return mc_model_checker->get_remote_process().actors().size();
 }
 
 RemotePtr<kernel::activity::CommImpl> Api::get_comm_isend_raw_addr(smx_simcall_t request) const
 {
-  auto comm_addr = simgrid::simix::unmarshal_raw<simgrid::kernel::activity::ActivityImpl*>(request->result_);
-  return RemotePtr<kernel::activity::CommImpl>(static_cast<kernel::activity::CommImpl*>(comm_addr));
-}
-
-RemotePtr<kernel::activity::CommImpl> Api::get_comm_irecv_raw_addr(smx_simcall_t request) const
-{
-  auto comm_addr = simgrid::simix::unmarshal_raw<simgrid::kernel::activity::ActivityImpl*>(request->result_);
-  return RemotePtr<kernel::activity::CommImpl>(static_cast<kernel::activity::CommImpl*>(comm_addr));
-}
-
-RemotePtr<kernel::activity::CommImpl> Api::get_comm_wait_raw_addr(smx_simcall_t request) const
-{
-  auto comm_addr = simgrid::simix::unmarshal_raw<simgrid::kernel::activity::CommImpl*>(request->args_[0]);
-  return RemotePtr<kernel::activity::CommImpl>(static_cast<kernel::activity::CommImpl*>(comm_addr));
+  return remote(static_cast<kernel::activity::CommImpl*>(simcall_comm_isend__getraw__result(request)));
 }
 
 RemotePtr<kernel::activity::CommImpl> Api::get_comm_waitany_raw_addr(smx_simcall_t request, int value) const
 {
-  auto addr = simgrid::simix::unmarshal_raw<simgrid::kernel::activity::CommImpl**>(request->args_[0]) + value;
-  auto comm_addr = mc_model_checker->get_remote_simulation().read(remote(addr));
+  auto addr      = simcall_comm_waitany__getraw__comms(request) + value;
+  auto comm_addr = mc_model_checker->get_remote_process().read(remote(addr));
   return RemotePtr<kernel::activity::CommImpl>(static_cast<kernel::activity::CommImpl*>(comm_addr));
 }
 
 std::string Api::get_pattern_comm_rdv(RemotePtr<kernel::activity::CommImpl> const& addr) const
 {
-  Remote<kernel::activity::CommImpl> temp_synchro;
-  mc_model_checker->get_remote_simulation().read(temp_synchro, addr);
-  const kernel::activity::CommImpl* synchro = temp_synchro.get_buffer();
+  Remote<kernel::activity::CommImpl> temp_activity;
+  mc_model_checker->get_remote_process().read(temp_activity, addr);
+  const kernel::activity::CommImpl* activity = temp_activity.get_buffer();
 
-  char* remote_name = mc_model_checker->get_remote_simulation().read<char*>(RemotePtr<char*>(
-      (uint64_t)(synchro->get_mailbox() ? &synchro->get_mailbox()->get_name() : &synchro->mbox_cpy->get_name())));
-  auto rdv          = mc_model_checker->get_remote_simulation().read_string(RemotePtr<char>(remote_name));
+  char* remote_name = mc_model_checker->get_remote_process().read<char*>(RemotePtr<char*>(
+      (uint64_t)(activity->get_mailbox() ? &activity->get_mailbox()->get_name() : &activity->mbox_cpy->get_name())));
+  auto rdv          = mc_model_checker->get_remote_process().read_string(RemotePtr<char>(remote_name));
   return rdv;
 }
 
 unsigned long Api::get_pattern_comm_src_proc(RemotePtr<kernel::activity::CommImpl> const& addr) const
 {
-  Remote<kernel::activity::CommImpl> temp_synchro;
-  mc_model_checker->get_remote_simulation().read(temp_synchro, addr);
-  const kernel::activity::CommImpl* synchro = temp_synchro.get_buffer();
+  Remote<kernel::activity::CommImpl> temp_activity;
+  mc_model_checker->get_remote_process().read(temp_activity, addr);
+  const kernel::activity::CommImpl* activity = temp_activity.get_buffer();
   auto src_proc =
-      mc_model_checker->get_remote_simulation().resolve_actor(mc::remote(synchro->src_actor_.get()))->get_pid();
+      mc_model_checker->get_remote_process().resolve_actor(mc::remote(activity->src_actor_.get()))->get_pid();
   return src_proc;
 }
 
 unsigned long Api::get_pattern_comm_dst_proc(RemotePtr<kernel::activity::CommImpl> const& addr) const
 {
-  Remote<kernel::activity::CommImpl> temp_synchro;
-  mc_model_checker->get_remote_simulation().read(temp_synchro, addr);
-  const kernel::activity::CommImpl* synchro = temp_synchro.get_buffer();
+  Remote<kernel::activity::CommImpl> temp_activity;
+  mc_model_checker->get_remote_process().read(temp_activity, addr);
+  const kernel::activity::CommImpl* activity = temp_activity.get_buffer();
   auto src_proc =
-      mc_model_checker->get_remote_simulation().resolve_actor(mc::remote(synchro->dst_actor_.get()))->get_pid();
+      mc_model_checker->get_remote_process().resolve_actor(mc::remote(activity->dst_actor_.get()))->get_pid();
   return src_proc;
 }
 
 std::vector<char> Api::get_pattern_comm_data(RemotePtr<kernel::activity::CommImpl> const& addr) const
 {
   simgrid::mc::Remote<simgrid::kernel::activity::CommImpl> temp_comm;
-  mc_model_checker->get_remote_simulation().read(temp_comm, addr);
+  mc_model_checker->get_remote_process().read(temp_comm, addr);
   const simgrid::kernel::activity::CommImpl* comm = temp_comm.get_buffer();
 
   std::vector<char> buffer{};
   if (comm->src_buff_ != nullptr) {
     buffer.resize(comm->src_buff_size_);
-    mc_model_checker->get_remote_simulation().read_bytes(buffer.data(), buffer.size(), remote(comm->src_buff_));
+    mc_model_checker->get_remote_process().read_bytes(buffer.data(), buffer.size(), remote(comm->src_buff_));
   }
   return buffer;
 }
 
-const char* Api::get_actor_host_name(smx_actor_t actor) const
-{
-  const char* host_name = MC_smx_actor_get_host_name(actor);
-  return host_name;
-}
-
 #if HAVE_SMPI
 bool Api::check_send_request_detached(smx_simcall_t const& simcall) const
 {
-  simgrid::smpi::Request mpi_request;
-  mc_model_checker->get_remote_simulation().read(
-      &mpi_request, remote(static_cast<smpi::Request*>(simcall_comm_isend__get__data(simcall))));
-  return mpi_request.detached();
+  Remote<simgrid::smpi::Request> mpi_request;
+  mc_model_checker->get_remote_process().read(
+      mpi_request, remote(static_cast<smpi::Request*>(simcall_comm_isend__get__data(simcall))));
+  return mpi_request.get_buffer()->detached();
 }
 #endif
 
 smx_actor_t Api::get_src_actor(RemotePtr<kernel::activity::CommImpl> const& comm_addr) const
 {
   simgrid::mc::Remote<simgrid::kernel::activity::CommImpl> temp_comm;
-  mc_model_checker->get_remote_simulation().read(temp_comm, comm_addr);
+  mc_model_checker->get_remote_process().read(temp_comm, comm_addr);
   const simgrid::kernel::activity::CommImpl* comm = temp_comm.get_buffer();
 
-  auto src_proc = mc_model_checker->get_remote_simulation().resolve_actor(simgrid::mc::remote(comm->src_actor_.get()));
+  auto src_proc = mc_model_checker->get_remote_process().resolve_actor(simgrid::mc::remote(comm->src_actor_.get()));
   return src_proc;
 }
 
 smx_actor_t Api::get_dst_actor(RemotePtr<kernel::activity::CommImpl> const& comm_addr) const
 {
   simgrid::mc::Remote<simgrid::kernel::activity::CommImpl> temp_comm;
-  mc_model_checker->get_remote_simulation().read(temp_comm, comm_addr);
+  mc_model_checker->get_remote_process().read(temp_comm, comm_addr);
   const simgrid::kernel::activity::CommImpl* comm = temp_comm.get_buffer();
 
-  auto dst_proc = mc_model_checker->get_remote_simulation().resolve_actor(simgrid::mc::remote(comm->dst_actor_.get()));
+  auto dst_proc = mc_model_checker->get_remote_process().resolve_actor(simgrid::mc::remote(comm->dst_actor_.get()));
   return dst_proc;
 }
 
 std::size_t Api::get_remote_heap_bytes() const
 {
-  RemoteSimulation& process = mc_model_checker->get_remote_simulation();
+  RemoteProcess& process    = mc_model_checker->get_remote_process();
   auto heap_bytes_used      = mmalloc_get_bytes_used_remote(process.get_heap()->heaplimit, process.get_malloc_info());
   return heap_bytes_used;
 }
 
-void Api::session_initialize() const
-{
-  session->initialize();
-}
-
 void Api::mc_inc_visited_states() const
 {
   mc_model_checker->visited_states++;
@@ -447,14 +589,12 @@ unsigned long Api::mc_get_executed_trans() const
   return mc_model_checker->executed_transitions;
 }
 
-bool Api::mc_check_deadlock() const
-{
-  return mc_model_checker->checkDeadlock();
-}
-
-void Api::mc_show_deadlock() const
+void Api::mc_check_deadlock() const
 {
-  MC_show_deadlock();
+  if (mc_model_checker->checkDeadlock()) {
+    MC_show_deadlock();
+    throw DeadlockError();
+  }
 }
 
 /** Get the issuer of a simcall (`req->issuer`)
@@ -474,10 +614,10 @@ smx_actor_t Api::simcall_get_issuer(s_smx_simcall const* req) const
   auto address = simgrid::mc::remote(req->issuer_);
 
   // Lookup by address:
-  for (auto& actor : mc_model_checker->get_remote_simulation().actors())
+  for (auto& actor : mc_model_checker->get_remote_process().actors())
     if (actor.address == address)
       return actor.copy.get_buffer();
-  for (auto& actor : mc_model_checker->get_remote_simulation().dead_actors())
+  for (auto& actor : mc_model_checker->get_remote_process().dead_actors())
     if (actor.address == address)
       return actor.copy.get_buffer();
 
@@ -489,16 +629,22 @@ long Api::simcall_get_actor_id(s_smx_simcall const* req) const
   return simcall_get_issuer(req)->get_pid();
 }
 
-smx_mailbox_t Api::get_mbox_remote_addr(smx_simcall_t const req) const
+RemotePtr<kernel::activity::MailboxImpl> Api::get_mbox_remote_addr(smx_simcall_t const req) const
 {
-  switch (req->call_) {
-    case Simcall::COMM_ISEND:
-      return simix::unmarshal<smx_mailbox_t>(req->args_[1]); // simcall_comm_isend__get__mbox
-    case Simcall::COMM_IRECV:
-      return simix::unmarshal<smx_mailbox_t>(req->args_[1]); // simcall_comm_irecv__get__mbox
-    default:
-      return nullptr;
-  }
+  if (req->call_ == Simcall::COMM_ISEND)
+    return remote(simcall_comm_isend__get__mbox(req));
+  if (req->call_ == Simcall::COMM_IRECV)
+    return remote(simcall_comm_irecv__get__mbox(req));
+  THROW_IMPOSSIBLE;
+}
+
+RemotePtr<kernel::activity::ActivityImpl> Api::get_comm_remote_addr(smx_simcall_t const req) const
+{
+  if (req->call_ == Simcall::COMM_ISEND)
+    return remote(simcall_comm_isend__getraw__result(req));
+  if (req->call_ == Simcall::COMM_IRECV)
+    return remote(simcall_comm_irecv__getraw__result(req));
+  THROW_IMPOSSIBLE;
 }
 
 bool Api::mc_is_null() const
@@ -512,13 +658,6 @@ Checker* Api::mc_get_checker() const
   return mc_model_checker->getChecker();
 }
 
-void Api::set_checker(Checker* const checker) const
-{
-  xbt_assert(mc_model_checker);
-  xbt_assert(mc_model_checker->getChecker() == nullptr);
-  mc_model_checker->setChecker(checker);
-}
-
 void Api::handle_simcall(Transition const& transition) const
 {
   mc_model_checker->handle_simcall(transition);
@@ -534,11 +673,6 @@ void Api::mc_exit(int status) const
   mc_model_checker->exit(status);
 }
 
-std::string const& Api::mc_get_host_name(std::string const& hostname) const
-{
-  return mc_model_checker->get_host_name(hostname);
-}
-
 void Api::dump_record_path() const
 {
   simgrid::mc::dumpRecordPath();
@@ -546,173 +680,130 @@ void Api::dump_record_path() const
 
 smx_simcall_t Api::mc_state_choose_request(simgrid::mc::State* state) const
 {
-  for (auto& actor : mc_model_checker->get_remote_simulation().actors()) {
+  RemoteProcess& process = mc_model_checker->get_remote_process();
+  for (auto& actor : process.actors()) {
     /* Only consider the actors that were marked as interleaving by the checker algorithm */
     if (not state->actor_states_[actor.copy.get_buffer()->get_pid()].is_todo())
       continue;
 
-    smx_simcall_t res = MC_state_choose_request_for_process(state, actor.copy.get_buffer());
+    smx_simcall_t res = MC_state_choose_request_for_process(process, state, actor.copy.get_buffer());
     if (res)
       return res;
   }
   return nullptr;
 }
 
-bool Api::simcall_check_dependency(smx_simcall_t const req1, smx_simcall_t const req2) const
+std::list<transition_detail_t> Api::get_enabled_transitions(simgrid::mc::State* state) const
 {
-  if (req1->issuer_ == req2->issuer_)
-    return false;
-
-  /* Wait with timeout transitions are not considered by the independence theorem, thus we consider them as dependent with all other transitions */
-  if ((req1->call_ == Simcall::COMM_WAIT && simcall_comm_wait__get__timeout(req1) > 0) ||
-      (req2->call_ == Simcall::COMM_WAIT && simcall_comm_wait__get__timeout(req2) > 0))
-    return true;
+  std::list<transition_detail_t> tr_list{};
 
-  if (req1->call_ != req2->call_)
-    return request_depend_asymmetric(req1, req2) && request_depend_asymmetric(req2, req1);
+  for (auto& actor : mc_model_checker->get_remote_process().actors()) {
+    auto actor_pid  = actor.copy.get_buffer()->get_pid();
+    auto actor_impl = actor.copy.get_buffer();
 
-  // Those are internal requests, we do not need indirection because those objects are copies:
-  const kernel::activity::CommImpl* synchro1 = get_comm(req1);
-  const kernel::activity::CommImpl* synchro2 = get_comm(req2);
+    // Only consider the actors that were marked as interleaving by the checker algorithm
+    if (not state->actor_states_[actor_pid].is_todo())
+      continue;
+    // Not executable in the application
+    if (not simgrid::mc::actor_is_enabled(actor_impl))
+      continue;
 
-  switch (req1->call_) {
-    case Simcall::COMM_ISEND:
-      return simcall_comm_isend__get__mbox(req1) == simcall_comm_isend__get__mbox(req2);
-    case Simcall::COMM_IRECV:
-      return simcall_comm_irecv__get__mbox(req1) == simcall_comm_irecv__get__mbox(req2);
-    case Simcall::COMM_WAIT:
-      if (synchro1->src_buff_ == synchro2->src_buff_ && synchro1->dst_buff_ == synchro2->dst_buff_)
-        return false;
-      if (synchro1->src_buff_ != nullptr && synchro1->dst_buff_ != nullptr && synchro2->src_buff_ != nullptr &&
-          synchro2->dst_buff_ != nullptr && synchro1->dst_buff_ != synchro2->src_buff_ &&
-          synchro1->dst_buff_ != synchro2->dst_buff_ && synchro2->dst_buff_ != synchro1->src_buff_)
-        return false;
-      return true;
-    default:
-      return true;
+    auto transition       = std::make_unique<s_transition_detail>();
+    Simcall simcall_call  = actor_impl->simcall_.call_;
+    smx_simcall_t simcall = &actor_impl->simcall_;
+    transition->call_     = simcall_call;
+    switch (simcall_call) {
+      case Simcall::COMM_ISEND:
+      case Simcall::COMM_IRECV:
+        transition->mbox_remote_addr = get_mbox_remote_addr(simcall);
+        transition->comm_remote_addr = get_comm_remote_addr(simcall);
+        break;
+
+      default:
+        break;
+    }
+    tr_list.emplace_back(std::move(transition));
   }
+
+  return tr_list;
 }
 
-std::string Api::request_to_string(smx_simcall_t req, int value, RequestType request_type) const
+std::string Api::request_to_string(smx_simcall_t req, int value) const
 {
   xbt_assert(mc_model_checker != nullptr, "Must be called from MCer");
 
-  if (req->inspector_ != nullptr)
-    return req->inspector_->to_string();
-
-  bool use_remote_comm = true;
-  switch (request_type) {
-    case simgrid::mc::RequestType::simix:
-      use_remote_comm = true;
-      break;
-    case simgrid::mc::RequestType::executed:
-    case simgrid::mc::RequestType::internal:
-      use_remote_comm = false;
-      break;
-    default:
-      THROW_IMPOSSIBLE;
-  }
-
-  const char* type = nullptr;
-  char* args       = nullptr;
+  std::string type;
+  std::string args;
 
   smx_actor_t issuer = simcall_get_issuer(req);
 
+  if (issuer->simcall_.observer_ != nullptr)
+    return mc_model_checker->simcall_to_string(issuer->get_pid(), value);
+
   switch (req->call_) {
-    case Simcall::COMM_ISEND: {
-      type     = "iSend";
-      char* p  = pointer_to_string(simcall_comm_isend__get__src_buff(req));
-      char* bs = buff_size_to_string(simcall_comm_isend__get__src_buff_size(req));
-      if (issuer->get_host())
-        args = bprintf("src=(%ld)%s (%s), buff=%s, size=%s", issuer->get_pid(), MC_smx_actor_get_host_name(issuer),
-                       MC_smx_actor_get_name(issuer), p, bs);
-      else
-        args = bprintf("src=(%ld)%s, buff=%s, size=%s", issuer->get_pid(), MC_smx_actor_get_name(issuer), p, bs);
-      xbt_free(bs);
-      xbt_free(p);
+    case Simcall::COMM_ISEND:
+      type = "iSend";
+      args = "src=" + get_actor_string(issuer);
+      args += ", buff=" + pointer_to_string(simcall_comm_isend__get__src_buff(req));
+      args += ", size=" + buff_size_to_string(simcall_comm_isend__get__src_buff_size(req));
       break;
-    }
 
     case Simcall::COMM_IRECV: {
       size_t* remote_size = simcall_comm_irecv__get__dst_buff_size(req);
       size_t size         = 0;
       if (remote_size)
-        mc_model_checker->get_remote_simulation().read_bytes(&size, sizeof(size), remote(remote_size));
-
-      type     = "iRecv";
-      char* p  = pointer_to_string(simcall_comm_irecv__get__dst_buff(req));
-      char* bs = buff_size_to_string(size);
-      if (issuer->get_host())
-        args = bprintf("dst=(%ld)%s (%s), buff=%s, size=%s", issuer->get_pid(), MC_smx_actor_get_host_name(issuer),
-                       MC_smx_actor_get_name(issuer), p, bs);
-      else
-        args = bprintf("dst=(%ld)%s, buff=%s, size=%s", issuer->get_pid(), MC_smx_actor_get_name(issuer), p, bs);
-      xbt_free(bs);
-      xbt_free(p);
+        mc_model_checker->get_remote_process().read_bytes(&size, sizeof(size), remote(remote_size));
+
+      type = "iRecv";
+      args = "dst=" + get_actor_string(issuer);
+      args += ", buff=" + pointer_to_string(simcall_comm_irecv__get__dst_buff(req));
+      args += ", size=" + buff_size_to_string(size);
       break;
     }
 
     case Simcall::COMM_WAIT: {
-      simgrid::kernel::activity::CommImpl* remote_act = simcall_comm_wait__getraw__comm(req);
-      char* p;
+      simgrid::kernel::activity::CommImpl* remote_act = simcall_comm_wait__get__comm(req);
       if (value == -1) {
         type = "WaitTimeout";
-        p    = pointer_to_string(remote_act);
-        args = bprintf("comm=%s", p);
+        args = "comm=" + pointer_to_string(remote_act);
       } else {
         type = "Wait";
-        p    = pointer_to_string(remote_act);
 
-        simgrid::mc::Remote<simgrid::kernel::activity::CommImpl> temp_synchro;
+        simgrid::mc::Remote<simgrid::kernel::activity::CommImpl> temp_activity;
         const simgrid::kernel::activity::CommImpl* act;
-        if (use_remote_comm) {
-          mc_model_checker->get_remote_simulation().read(temp_synchro, remote(remote_act));
-          act = temp_synchro.get_buffer();
-        } else
-          act = remote_act;
+        mc_model_checker->get_remote_process().read(temp_activity, remote(remote_act));
+        act = temp_activity.get_buffer();
 
         smx_actor_t src_proc =
-            mc_model_checker->get_remote_simulation().resolve_actor(simgrid::mc::remote(act->src_actor_.get()));
+            mc_model_checker->get_remote_process().resolve_actor(simgrid::mc::remote(act->src_actor_.get()));
         smx_actor_t dst_proc =
-            mc_model_checker->get_remote_simulation().resolve_actor(simgrid::mc::remote(act->dst_actor_.get()));
-        args = bprintf("comm=%s [(%ld)%s (%s)-> (%ld)%s (%s)]", p, src_proc ? src_proc->get_pid() : 0,
-                       src_proc ? MC_smx_actor_get_host_name(src_proc) : "",
-                       src_proc ? MC_smx_actor_get_name(src_proc) : "", dst_proc ? dst_proc->get_pid() : 0,
-                       dst_proc ? MC_smx_actor_get_host_name(dst_proc) : "",
-                       dst_proc ? MC_smx_actor_get_name(dst_proc) : "");
+            mc_model_checker->get_remote_process().resolve_actor(simgrid::mc::remote(act->dst_actor_.get()));
+        args = "comm=" + pointer_to_string(remote_act);
+        args += " [" + get_actor_string(src_proc) + "-> " + get_actor_string(dst_proc) + "]";
       }
-      xbt_free(p);
       break;
     }
 
     case Simcall::COMM_TEST: {
-      simgrid::kernel::activity::CommImpl* remote_act = simcall_comm_test__getraw__comm(req);
-      simgrid::mc::Remote<simgrid::kernel::activity::CommImpl> temp_synchro;
+      simgrid::kernel::activity::CommImpl* remote_act = simcall_comm_test__get__comm(req);
+      simgrid::mc::Remote<simgrid::kernel::activity::CommImpl> temp_activity;
       const simgrid::kernel::activity::CommImpl* act;
-      if (use_remote_comm) {
-        mc_model_checker->get_remote_simulation().read(temp_synchro, remote(remote_act));
-        act = temp_synchro.get_buffer();
-      } else
-        act = remote_act;
+      mc_model_checker->get_remote_process().read(temp_activity, remote(remote_act));
+      act = temp_activity.get_buffer();
 
-      char* p;
       if (act->src_actor_.get() == nullptr || act->dst_actor_.get() == nullptr) {
         type = "Test FALSE";
-        p    = pointer_to_string(remote_act);
-        args = bprintf("comm=%s", p);
+        args = "comm=" + pointer_to_string(remote_act);
       } else {
         type = "Test TRUE";
-        p    = pointer_to_string(remote_act);
 
         smx_actor_t src_proc =
-            mc_model_checker->get_remote_simulation().resolve_actor(simgrid::mc::remote(act->src_actor_.get()));
+            mc_model_checker->get_remote_process().resolve_actor(simgrid::mc::remote(act->src_actor_.get()));
         smx_actor_t dst_proc =
-            mc_model_checker->get_remote_simulation().resolve_actor(simgrid::mc::remote(act->dst_actor_.get()));
-        args = bprintf("comm=%s [(%ld)%s (%s) -> (%ld)%s (%s)]", p, src_proc->get_pid(),
-                       MC_smx_actor_get_name(src_proc), MC_smx_actor_get_host_name(src_proc), dst_proc->get_pid(),
-                       MC_smx_actor_get_name(dst_proc), MC_smx_actor_get_host_name(dst_proc));
+            mc_model_checker->get_remote_process().resolve_actor(simgrid::mc::remote(act->dst_actor_.get()));
+        args = "comm=" + pointer_to_string(remote_act);
+        args += " [" + get_actor_string(src_proc) + " -> " + get_actor_string(dst_proc) + "]";
       }
-      xbt_free(p);
       break;
     }
 
@@ -722,66 +813,30 @@ std::string Api::request_to_string(smx_simcall_t req, int value, RequestType req
       if (count > 0) {
         simgrid::kernel::activity::CommImpl* remote_sync;
         remote_sync =
-            mc_model_checker->get_remote_simulation().read(remote(simcall_comm_waitany__get__comms(req) + value));
-        char* p = pointer_to_string(remote_sync);
-        args    = bprintf("comm=%s (%d of %zu)", p, value + 1, count);
-        xbt_free(p);
+            mc_model_checker->get_remote_process().read(remote(simcall_comm_waitany__get__comms(req) + value));
+        args = "comm=" + pointer_to_string(remote_sync) + xbt::string_printf("(%d of %zu)", value + 1, count);
       } else
-        args = bprintf("comm at idx %d", value);
+        args = "comm at idx " + std::to_string(value);
       break;
     }
 
     case Simcall::COMM_TESTANY:
       if (value == -1) {
         type = "TestAny FALSE";
-        args = xbt_strdup("-");
+        args = "-";
       } else {
         type = "TestAny";
-        args = bprintf("(%d of %zu)", value + 1, simcall_comm_testany__get__count(req));
+        args = xbt::string_printf("(%d of %zu)", value + 1, simcall_comm_testany__get__count(req));
       }
       break;
 
-    case Simcall::MUTEX_TRYLOCK:
-    case Simcall::MUTEX_LOCK: {
-      if (req->call_ == Simcall::MUTEX_LOCK)
-        type = "Mutex LOCK";
-      else
-        type = "Mutex TRYLOCK";
-
-      simgrid::mc::Remote<simgrid::kernel::activity::MutexImpl> mutex;
-      mc_model_checker->get_remote_simulation().read_bytes(mutex.get_buffer(), sizeof(mutex),
-                                                           remote(req->call_ == Simcall::MUTEX_LOCK
-                                                                      ? simcall_mutex_lock__get__mutex(req)
-                                                                      : simcall_mutex_trylock__get__mutex(req)));
-      args = bprintf("locked = %d, owner = %d, sleeping = n/a", mutex.get_buffer()->is_locked(),
-                     mutex.get_buffer()->get_owner() != nullptr
-                         ? (int)mc_model_checker->get_remote_simulation()
-                               .resolve_actor(simgrid::mc::remote(mutex.get_buffer()->get_owner()))
-                               ->get_pid()
-                         : -1);
-      break;
-    }
-
-    case Simcall::MC_RANDOM:
-      type = "MC_RANDOM";
-      args = bprintf("%d", value);
-      break;
-
     default:
-      type = SIMIX_simcall_name(req->call_);
-      args = bprintf("??");
+      type = SIMIX_simcall_name(*req);
+      args = "??";
       break;
   }
 
-  std::string str;
-  if (args != nullptr)
-    str = simgrid::xbt::string_printf("[(%ld)%s (%s)] %s(%s)", issuer->get_pid(), MC_smx_actor_get_host_name(issuer),
-                                      MC_smx_actor_get_name(issuer), type, args);
-  else
-    str = simgrid::xbt::string_printf("[(%ld)%s (%s)] %s ", issuer->get_pid(), MC_smx_actor_get_host_name(issuer),
-                                      MC_smx_actor_get_name(issuer), type);
-  xbt_free(args);
-  return str;
+  return "[" + get_actor_string(issuer) + "] " + type + "(" + args + ")";
 }
 
 std::string Api::request_get_dot_output(smx_simcall_t req, int value) const
@@ -789,151 +844,97 @@ std::string Api::request_get_dot_output(smx_simcall_t req, int value) const
   const smx_actor_t issuer = simcall_get_issuer(req);
   const char* color        = get_color(issuer->get_pid() - 1);
 
-  if (req->inspector_ != nullptr)
-    return simgrid::xbt::string_printf("label = \"%s\", color = %s, fontcolor = %s",
-                                       req->inspector_->dot_label().c_str(), color, color);
-
   std::string label;
 
-  switch (req->call_) {
-    case Simcall::COMM_ISEND:
-      if (issuer->get_host())
-        label = xbt::string_printf("[(%ld)%s] iSend", issuer->get_pid(), MC_smx_actor_get_host_name(issuer));
-      else
-        label = bprintf("[(%ld)] iSend", issuer->get_pid());
-      break;
-
-    case Simcall::COMM_IRECV:
-      if (issuer->get_host())
-        label = xbt::string_printf("[(%ld)%s] iRecv", issuer->get_pid(), MC_smx_actor_get_host_name(issuer));
-      else
-        label = xbt::string_printf("[(%ld)] iRecv", issuer->get_pid());
-      break;
+  if (req->observer_ != nullptr) {
+    label = mc_model_checker->simcall_dot_label(issuer->get_pid(), value);
+  } else
+    switch (req->call_) {
+      case Simcall::COMM_ISEND:
+        label = "[" + get_actor_dot_label(issuer) + "] iSend";
+        break;
+
+      case Simcall::COMM_IRECV:
+        label = "[" + get_actor_dot_label(issuer) + "] iRecv";
+        break;
+
+      case Simcall::COMM_WAIT:
+        if (value == -1) {
+          label = "[" + get_actor_dot_label(issuer) + "] WaitTimeout";
+        } else {
+          kernel::activity::ActivityImpl* remote_act = simcall_comm_wait__get__comm(req);
+          Remote<kernel::activity::CommImpl> temp_comm;
+          mc_model_checker->get_remote_process().read(temp_comm,
+                                                      remote(static_cast<kernel::activity::CommImpl*>(remote_act)));
+          const kernel::activity::CommImpl* comm = temp_comm.get_buffer();
+
+          const kernel::actor::ActorImpl* src_proc =
+              mc_model_checker->get_remote_process().resolve_actor(mc::remote(comm->src_actor_.get()));
+          const kernel::actor::ActorImpl* dst_proc =
+              mc_model_checker->get_remote_process().resolve_actor(mc::remote(comm->dst_actor_.get()));
+          label = "[" + get_actor_dot_label(issuer) + "] Wait";
+          label += " [(" + std::to_string(src_proc ? src_proc->get_pid() : 0) + ")";
+          label += "->(" + std::to_string(dst_proc ? dst_proc->get_pid() : 0) + ")]";
+        }
+        break;
 
-    case Simcall::COMM_WAIT:
-      if (value == -1) {
-        if (issuer->get_host())
-          label = xbt::string_printf("[(%ld)%s] WaitTimeout", issuer->get_pid(), MC_smx_actor_get_host_name(issuer));
-        else
-          label = xbt::string_printf("[(%ld)] WaitTimeout", issuer->get_pid());
-      } else {
-        kernel::activity::ActivityImpl* remote_act = simcall_comm_wait__getraw__comm(req);
-        Remote<kernel::activity::CommImpl> temp_comm;
-        mc_model_checker->get_remote_simulation().read(temp_comm,
-                                                       remote(static_cast<kernel::activity::CommImpl*>(remote_act)));
+      case Simcall::COMM_TEST: {
+        kernel::activity::ActivityImpl* remote_act = simcall_comm_test__get__comm(req);
+        Remote<simgrid::kernel::activity::CommImpl> temp_comm;
+        mc_model_checker->get_remote_process().read(temp_comm,
+                                                    remote(static_cast<kernel::activity::CommImpl*>(remote_act)));
         const kernel::activity::CommImpl* comm = temp_comm.get_buffer();
-
-        const kernel::actor::ActorImpl* src_proc =
-            mc_model_checker->get_remote_simulation().resolve_actor(mc::remote(comm->src_actor_.get()));
-        const kernel::actor::ActorImpl* dst_proc =
-            mc_model_checker->get_remote_simulation().resolve_actor(mc::remote(comm->dst_actor_.get()));
-        if (issuer->get_host())
-          label =
-              xbt::string_printf("[(%ld)%s] Wait [(%ld)->(%ld)]", issuer->get_pid(), MC_smx_actor_get_host_name(issuer),
-                                 src_proc ? src_proc->get_pid() : 0, dst_proc ? dst_proc->get_pid() : 0);
-        else
-          label = xbt::string_printf("[(%ld)] Wait [(%ld)->(%ld)]", issuer->get_pid(),
-                                     src_proc ? src_proc->get_pid() : 0, dst_proc ? dst_proc->get_pid() : 0);
+        if (comm->src_actor_.get() == nullptr || comm->dst_actor_.get() == nullptr) {
+          label = "[" + get_actor_dot_label(issuer) + "] Test FALSE";
+        } else {
+          label = "[" + get_actor_dot_label(issuer) + "] Test TRUE";
+        }
+        break;
       }
-      break;
 
-    case Simcall::COMM_TEST: {
-      kernel::activity::ActivityImpl* remote_act = simcall_comm_test__getraw__comm(req);
-      Remote<simgrid::kernel::activity::CommImpl> temp_comm;
-      mc_model_checker->get_remote_simulation().read(temp_comm,
-                                                     remote(static_cast<kernel::activity::CommImpl*>(remote_act)));
-      const kernel::activity::CommImpl* comm = temp_comm.get_buffer();
-      if (comm->src_actor_.get() == nullptr || comm->dst_actor_.get() == nullptr) {
-        if (issuer->get_host())
-          label = xbt::string_printf("[(%ld)%s] Test FALSE", issuer->get_pid(), MC_smx_actor_get_host_name(issuer));
-        else
-          label = bprintf("[(%ld)] Test FALSE", issuer->get_pid());
-      } else {
-        if (issuer->get_host())
-          label = xbt::string_printf("[(%ld)%s] Test TRUE", issuer->get_pid(), MC_smx_actor_get_host_name(issuer));
-        else
-          label = xbt::string_printf("[(%ld)] Test TRUE", issuer->get_pid());
-      }
-      break;
-    }
+      case Simcall::COMM_WAITANY:
+        label = "[" + get_actor_dot_label(issuer) + "] WaitAny";
+        label += xbt::string_printf(" [%d of %zu]", value + 1, simcall_comm_waitany__get__count(req));
+        break;
+
+      case Simcall::COMM_TESTANY:
+        if (value == -1) {
+          label = "[" + get_actor_dot_label(issuer) + "] TestAny FALSE";
+        } else {
+          label = "[" + get_actor_dot_label(issuer) + "] TestAny TRUE";
+          label += xbt::string_printf(" [%d of %zu]", value + 1, simcall_comm_testany__get__count(req));
+        }
+        break;
 
-    case Simcall::COMM_WAITANY: {
-      size_t comms_size = simcall_comm_waitany__get__count(req);
-      if (issuer->get_host())
-        label = xbt::string_printf("[(%ld)%s] WaitAny [%d of %zu]", issuer->get_pid(),
-                                   MC_smx_actor_get_host_name(issuer), value + 1, comms_size);
-      else
-        label = xbt::string_printf("[(%ld)] WaitAny [%d of %zu]", issuer->get_pid(), value + 1, comms_size);
-      break;
+      default:
+        THROW_UNIMPLEMENTED;
     }
 
-    case Simcall::COMM_TESTANY:
-      if (value == -1) {
-        if (issuer->get_host())
-          label = xbt::string_printf("[(%ld)%s] TestAny FALSE", issuer->get_pid(), MC_smx_actor_get_host_name(issuer));
-        else
-          label = xbt::string_printf("[(%ld)] TestAny FALSE", issuer->get_pid());
-      } else {
-        if (issuer->get_host())
-          label =
-              xbt::string_printf("[(%ld)%s] TestAny TRUE [%d of %lu]", issuer->get_pid(),
-                                 MC_smx_actor_get_host_name(issuer), value + 1, simcall_comm_testany__get__count(req));
-        else
-          label = xbt::string_printf("[(%ld)] TestAny TRUE [%d of %lu]", issuer->get_pid(), value + 1,
-                                     simcall_comm_testany__get__count(req));
-      }
-      break;
-
-    case Simcall::MUTEX_TRYLOCK:
-      label = xbt::string_printf("[(%ld)] Mutex TRYLOCK", issuer->get_pid());
-      break;
-
-    case Simcall::MUTEX_LOCK:
-      label = xbt::string_printf("[(%ld)] Mutex LOCK", issuer->get_pid());
-      break;
-
-    case Simcall::MC_RANDOM:
-      if (issuer->get_host())
-        label = xbt::string_printf("[(%ld)%s] MC_RANDOM (%d)", issuer->get_pid(), MC_smx_actor_get_host_name(issuer),
-                                   value);
-      else
-        label = xbt::string_printf("[(%ld)] MC_RANDOM (%d)", issuer->get_pid(), value);
-      break;
-
-    default:
-      THROW_UNIMPLEMENTED;
-  }
-
-  return xbt::string_printf("label = \"%s\", color = %s, fontcolor = %s", label.c_str(), color, color);
-}
-
-const char* Api::simcall_get_name(simgrid::simix::Simcall kind) const
-{
-  return simcall_names[static_cast<int>(kind)];
+  return "label = \"" + label + "\", color = " + color + ", fontcolor = " + color;
 }
 
 #if HAVE_SMPI
 int Api::get_smpi_request_tag(smx_simcall_t const& simcall, simgrid::simix::Simcall type) const
 {
-  simgrid::smpi::Request mpi_request;
   void* simcall_data = nullptr;
   if (type == Simcall::COMM_ISEND)
     simcall_data = simcall_comm_isend__get__data(simcall);
   else if (type == Simcall::COMM_IRECV)
     simcall_data = simcall_comm_irecv__get__data(simcall);
-  mc_model_checker->get_remote_simulation().read(&mpi_request, remote(static_cast<smpi::Request*>(simcall_data)));
-  return mpi_request.tag();
+  Remote<simgrid::smpi::Request> mpi_request;
+  mc_model_checker->get_remote_process().read(mpi_request, remote(static_cast<smpi::Request*>(simcall_data)));
+  return mpi_request.get_buffer()->tag();
 }
 #endif
 
 void Api::restore_state(std::shared_ptr<simgrid::mc::Snapshot> system_state) const
 {
-  system_state->restore(&mc_model_checker->get_remote_simulation());
+  system_state->restore(&mc_model_checker->get_remote_process());
 }
 
 void Api::log_state() const
 {
-  session->log_state();
+  session_singleton->log_state();
 }
 
 bool Api::snapshot_equal(const Snapshot* s1, const Snapshot* s2) const
@@ -949,25 +950,20 @@ simgrid::mc::Snapshot* Api::take_snapshot(int num_state) const
 
 void Api::s_close() const
 {
-  session->close();
+  session_singleton->close();
 }
 
-void Api::restore_initial_state() const
+void Api::execute(Transition& transition, smx_simcall_t simcall) const
 {
-  session->restore_initial_state();
+  /* FIXME: once all simcalls have observers, kill the simcall parameter and use mc_model_checker->simcall_to_string() */
+  transition.textual = request_to_string(simcall, transition.times_considered_);
+  session_singleton->execute(transition);
 }
 
-void Api::execute(Transition const& transition) const
-{
-  session->execute(transition);
-}
-
-#if SIMGRID_HAVE_MC
 void Api::automaton_load(const char* file) const
 {
   MC_automaton_load(file);
 }
-#endif
 
 std::vector<int> Api::automaton_propositional_symbol_evaluate() const
 {