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add python bindings for operations
[simgrid.git] / src / bindings / python / simgrid_python.cpp
index c7762da..db4ec58 100644 (file)
@@ -1,30 +1,17 @@
-/* Copyright (c) 2018-2022. The SimGrid Team. All rights reserved.          */
+/* Copyright (c) 2018-2023. The SimGrid Team. All rights reserved.          */
 
 /* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
  * under the terms of the license (GNU LGPL) which comes with this package. */
 
-#ifdef _WIN32
-#warning Try to work around https://bugs.python.org/issue11566
-#define _hypot hypot
-#endif
-
-#if defined(__GNUG__)
-#pragma GCC diagnostic push
-#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-value"
-#endif
-
 #include <pybind11/pybind11.h> // Must come before our own stuff
 
 #include <pybind11/functional.h>
 #include <pybind11/stl.h>
 
-#if defined(__GNUG__)
-#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
-#endif
-
 #include "simgrid/kernel/ProfileBuilder.hpp"
 #include "simgrid/kernel/routing/NetPoint.hpp"
 #include <simgrid/Exception.hpp>
+#include <simgrid/plugins/operation.hpp>
 #include <simgrid/s4u/Actor.hpp>
 #include <simgrid/s4u/Barrier.hpp>
 #include <simgrid/s4u/Comm.hpp>
@@ -32,6 +19,7 @@
 #include <simgrid/s4u/Engine.hpp>
 #include <simgrid/s4u/Exec.hpp>
 #include <simgrid/s4u/Host.hpp>
+#include <simgrid/s4u/Io.hpp>
 #include <simgrid/s4u/Link.hpp>
 #include <simgrid/s4u/Mailbox.hpp>
 #include <simgrid/s4u/Mutex.hpp>
 #include <vector>
 
 namespace py = pybind11;
+using simgrid::plugins::Operation;
+using simgrid::plugins::OperationPtr;
+using simgrid::plugins::CommOp;
+using simgrid::plugins::CommOpPtr;
+using simgrid::plugins::ExecOp;
+using simgrid::plugins::ExecOpPtr;
+using simgrid::plugins::IoOp;
+using simgrid::plugins::IoOpPtr;
 using simgrid::s4u::Actor;
 using simgrid::s4u::ActorPtr;
 using simgrid::s4u::Barrier;
 using simgrid::s4u::BarrierPtr;
+using simgrid::s4u::Comm;
+using simgrid::s4u::CommPtr;
+using simgrid::s4u::Disk;
 using simgrid::s4u::Engine;
 using simgrid::s4u::Host;
+using simgrid::s4u::Io;
 using simgrid::s4u::Link;
 using simgrid::s4u::Mailbox;
 using simgrid::s4u::Mutex;
@@ -101,6 +101,7 @@ PYBIND11_MODULE(simgrid, m)
   py::register_exception<simgrid::StorageFailureException>(m, "StorageFailureException");
   py::register_exception<simgrid::VmFailureException>(m, "VmFailureException");
   py::register_exception<simgrid::CancelException>(m, "CancelException");
+  py::register_exception<simgrid::AssertionError>(m, "AssertionError");
 
   /* this_actor namespace */
   m.def_submodule("this_actor", "Bindings of the s4u::this_actor namespace. See the C++ documentation for details.")
@@ -118,6 +119,14 @@ PYBIND11_MODULE(simgrid, m)
            py::arg("priority") = 1)
       .def("exec_init", py::overload_cast<double>(&simgrid::s4u::this_actor::exec_init),
            py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>())
+      .def("exec_async", py::overload_cast<double>(&simgrid::s4u::this_actor::exec_async),
+           py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>())
+      .def("parallel_execute", &simgrid::s4u::this_actor::parallel_execute, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
+           "Run a parallel task (requires the 'ptask_L07' model)")
+      .def("exec_init",
+           py::overload_cast<const std::vector<simgrid::s4u::Host*>&, const std::vector<double>&,
+                             const std::vector<double>&>(&simgrid::s4u::this_actor::exec_init),
+           py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), "Initiate a parallel task (requires the 'ptask_L07' model)")
       .def("get_host", &simgrid::s4u::this_actor::get_host, "Retrieves host on which the current actor is located")
       .def("set_host", &simgrid::s4u::this_actor::set_host, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
            "Moves the current actor to another host.", py::arg("dest"))
@@ -133,19 +142,19 @@ PYBIND11_MODULE(simgrid, m)
       .def("exit", &simgrid::s4u::this_actor::exit, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), "kill the current actor")
       .def(
           "on_exit",
-          [](py::object cb) {
-            py::function fun = py::reinterpret_borrow<py::function>(cb);
-            fun.inc_ref(); // FIXME: why is this needed for tests like actor-kill and actor-lifetime?
-            simgrid::s4u::this_actor::on_exit([fun](bool failed) {
-              py::gil_scoped_acquire py_context; // need a new context for callback
+          [](py::object fun) {
+            fun.inc_ref(); // keep alive after return
+            const py::gil_scoped_release gil_release;
+            simgrid::s4u::this_actor::on_exit([fun_p = fun.ptr()](bool failed) {
+              const py::gil_scoped_acquire py_context; // need a new context for callback
               try {
+                const auto fun = py::reinterpret_borrow<py::function>(fun_p);
                 fun(failed);
               } catch (const py::error_already_set& e) {
                 xbt_die("Error while executing the on_exit lambda: %s", e.what());
               }
             });
           },
-          py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
           "Define a lambda to be called when the actor ends. It takes a bool parameter indicating whether the actor "
           "was killed. If False, the actor finished peacefully.")
       .def("get_pid", &simgrid::s4u::this_actor::get_pid, "Retrieves PID of the current actor")
@@ -182,6 +191,8 @@ PYBIND11_MODULE(simgrid, m)
                           "get_all_hosts() is deprecated and  will be dropped after v3.33, use all_hosts instead.", 1);
              return self.attr("all_hosts");
            })
+      .def("host_by_name", &Engine::host_by_name_or_null,
+           "Retrieve a host by its name, or None if it does not exist in the platform.")
       .def_property_readonly("all_hosts", &Engine::get_all_hosts, "Returns the list of all hosts found in the platform")
       .def("get_all_links",
            [](py::object self) // XBT_ATTRIB_DEPRECATED_v334
@@ -203,17 +214,21 @@ PYBIND11_MODULE(simgrid, m)
       .def("get_netzone_root",
            [](py::object self) // XBT_ATTRIB_DEPRECATED_v334
            {
-             PyErr_WarnEx(PyExc_DeprecationWarning,
-                          "get_netzone_root() is deprecated and  will be dropped after v3.3, use netzone_root instead.",
-                          1);
+             PyErr_WarnEx(
+                 PyExc_DeprecationWarning,
+                 "get_netzone_root() is deprecated and  will be dropped after v3.33, use netzone_root instead.", 1);
              return self.attr("netzone_root");
            })
       .def_property_readonly("netzone_root", &Engine::get_netzone_root,
                              "Retrieve the root netzone, containing all others.")
       .def("netpoint_by_name", &Engine::netpoint_by_name_or_null)
       .def("netzone_by_name", &Engine::netzone_by_name_or_null)
+      .def("set_config", py::overload_cast<const std::string&>(&Engine::set_config),
+           "Change one of SimGrid's configurations")
       .def("load_platform", &Engine::load_platform, "Load a platform file describing the environment")
       .def("load_deployment", &Engine::load_deployment, "Load a deployment file and launch the actors that it contains")
+      .def("mailbox_by_name_or_create", &Engine::mailbox_by_name_or_create, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
+           py::arg("name"), "Find a mailbox from its name or create one if it does not exist")
       .def("run", &Engine::run, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), "Run the simulation until its end")
       .def("run_until", py::overload_cast<double>(&Engine::run_until, py::const_),
            py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), "Run the simulation until the given date",
@@ -221,14 +236,17 @@ PYBIND11_MODULE(simgrid, m)
       .def(
           "register_actor",
           [](Engine* e, const std::string& name, py::object fun_or_class) {
-            e->register_actor(name, [fun_or_class](std::vector<std::string> args) {
-              py::gil_scoped_acquire py_context;
+            fun_or_class.inc_ref(); // keep alive after return
+            const py::gil_scoped_release gil_release;
+            e->register_actor(name, [fun_or_class_p = fun_or_class.ptr()](std::vector<std::string> args) {
+              const py::gil_scoped_acquire py_context;
               try {
                 /* Convert the std::vector into a py::tuple */
                 py::tuple params(args.size() - 1);
                 for (size_t i = 1; i < args.size(); i++)
                   params[i - 1] = py::cast(args[i]);
 
+                const auto fun_or_class = py::reinterpret_borrow<py::object>(fun_or_class_p);
                 py::object res = fun_or_class(*params);
                 /* If I was passed a class, I just built an instance, so I need to call it now */
                 if (py::isinstance<py::function>(res))
@@ -303,9 +321,8 @@ PYBIND11_MODULE(simgrid, m)
       .def_property_readonly("netpoint", &simgrid::s4u::NetZone::get_netpoint,
                              "Retrieve the netpoint associated to this zone")
       .def("seal", &simgrid::s4u::NetZone::seal, "Seal this NetZone")
-      .def_property_readonly(
-          "name", [](const simgrid::s4u::NetZone* self) { return self->get_name(); },
-          "The name of this network zone (read-only property).");
+      .def_property_readonly("name", &simgrid::s4u::NetZone::get_name,
+                             "The name of this network zone (read-only property).");
 
   /* Class ClusterCallbacks */
   py::class_<simgrid::s4u::ClusterCallbacks>(m, "ClusterCallbacks", "Callbacks used to create cluster zones")
@@ -389,8 +406,7 @@ PYBIND11_MODULE(simgrid, m)
                  "get_pstate_speed() is deprecated and  will be dropped after v3.33, use pstate_speed instead.", 1);
              return self.attr("pstate_speed")(state);
            })
-      .def("pstate_speed", &Host::get_pstate_speed, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
-           "Retrieve the maximal speed at the given pstate")
+      .def("pstate_speed", &Host::get_pstate_speed, "Retrieve the maximal speed at the given pstate")
       .def("get_netpoint",
            [](py::object self) // XBT_ATTRIB_DEPRECATED_v334
            {
@@ -399,6 +415,7 @@ PYBIND11_MODULE(simgrid, m)
              return self.attr("netpoint");
            })
       .def_property_readonly("netpoint", &Host::get_netpoint, "Retrieve the netpoint associated to this zone")
+      .def_property_readonly("disks", &Host::get_disks, "The list of disks on this host (read-only).")
       .def("get_disks", &Host::get_disks, "Retrieve the list of disks in this host")
       .def("set_core_count",
            [](py::object self, double count) // XBT_ATTRIB_DEPRECATED_v334
@@ -408,13 +425,9 @@ PYBIND11_MODULE(simgrid, m)
                           1);
              self.attr("core_count")(count);
            })
-      .def_property(
-          "core_count", &Host::get_core_count,
-          [](Host* h, int count) {
-            py::gil_scoped_release gil_guard;
-            return h->set_core_count(count);
-          },
-          "Manage the number of cores in the CPU")
+      .def_property("core_count", &Host::get_core_count,
+                    py::cpp_function(&Host::set_core_count, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>()),
+                    "Manage the number of cores in the CPU")
       .def("set_coordinates", &Host::set_coordinates, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
            "Set the coordinates of this host")
       .def("set_sharing_policy", &simgrid::s4u::Host::set_sharing_policy, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
@@ -425,21 +438,12 @@ PYBIND11_MODULE(simgrid, m)
            py::overload_cast<const std::string&, const std::string&, const std::string&>(&Host::create_disk),
            py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), "Create a disk")
       .def("seal", &Host::seal, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), "Seal this host")
-      .def_property(
-          "pstate", &Host::get_pstate,
-          [](Host* h, int i) {
-            py::gil_scoped_release gil_guard;
-            h->set_pstate(i);
-          },
-          "The current pstate (read/write property).")
+      .def_property("pstate", &Host::get_pstate,
+                    py::cpp_function(&Host::set_pstate, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>()),
+                    "The current pstate (read/write property).")
       .def_static("current", &Host::current, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
-           "Retrieves the host on which the running actor is located.")
-      .def_property_readonly(
-          "name",
-          [](const Host* self) {
-            return std::string(self->get_name().c_str()); // Convert from xbt::string because of MC
-          },
-          "The name of this host (read-only property).")
+                  "Retrieves the host on which the running actor is located.")
+      .def_property_readonly("name", &Host::get_name, "The name of this host (read-only property).")
       .def_property_readonly("load", &Host::get_load,
                              "Returns the current computation load (in flops per second), NOT taking the external load "
                              "into account. This is the currently achieved speed (read-only property).")
@@ -454,17 +458,19 @@ PYBIND11_MODULE(simgrid, m)
       .def_static(
           "on_creation_cb",
           [](py::object cb) {
-            Host::on_creation_cb([cb](Host& h) {
-              py::function fun = py::reinterpret_borrow<py::function>(cb);
-              py::gil_scoped_acquire py_context; // need a new context for callback
+            cb.inc_ref(); // keep alive after return
+            const py::gil_scoped_release gil_release;
+            Host::on_creation_cb([cb_p = cb.ptr()](Host& h) {
+              const py::gil_scoped_acquire py_context; // need a new context for callback
               try {
+                const auto fun = py::reinterpret_borrow<py::function>(cb_p);
                 fun(&h);
               } catch (const py::error_already_set& e) {
                 xbt_die("Error while executing the on_creation lambda : %s", e.what());
               }
             });
           },
-          py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), "");
+          "");
 
   py::enum_<simgrid::s4u::Host::SharingPolicy>(host, "SharingPolicy")
       .value("NONLINEAR", simgrid::s4u::Host::SharingPolicy::NONLINEAR)
@@ -486,9 +492,7 @@ PYBIND11_MODULE(simgrid, m)
            "Set sharing policy for this disk", py::arg("op"), py::arg("policy"),
            py::arg("cb") = simgrid::s4u::NonLinearResourceCb())
       .def("seal", &simgrid::s4u::Disk::seal, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), "Seal this disk")
-      .def_property_readonly(
-          "name", [](const simgrid::s4u::Disk* self) { return self->get_name(); },
-          "The name of this disk (read-only property).");
+      .def_property_readonly("name", &simgrid::s4u::Disk::get_name, "The name of this disk (read-only property).");
   py::enum_<simgrid::s4u::Disk::SharingPolicy>(disk, "SharingPolicy")
       .value("NONLINEAR", simgrid::s4u::Disk::SharingPolicy::NONLINEAR)
       .value("LINEAR", simgrid::s4u::Disk::SharingPolicy::LINEAR)
@@ -581,12 +585,7 @@ PYBIND11_MODULE(simgrid, m)
            "Set level of communication speed of given host on this Wi-Fi link")
       .def_static("by_name", &Link::by_name, "Retrieves a Link from its name, or dies")
       .def("seal", &Link::seal, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), "Seal this link")
-      .def_property_readonly(
-          "name",
-          [](const Link* self) {
-            return std::string(self->get_name().c_str()); // Convert from xbt::string because of MC
-          },
-          "The name of this link")
+      .def_property_readonly("name", &Link::get_name, "The name of this link")
       .def_property_readonly("bandwidth", &Link::get_bandwidth,
                              "The bandwidth (in bytes per second) (read-only property).")
       .def_property_readonly("latency", &Link::get_latency, "The latency (in seconds) (read-only property).");
@@ -633,67 +632,59 @@ PYBIND11_MODULE(simgrid, m)
   py::class_<simgrid::s4u::Mailbox, std::unique_ptr<Mailbox, py::nodelete>>(
       m, "Mailbox", "Mailbox. See the C++ documentation for details.")
       .def(
-          "__str__", [](const Mailbox* self) { return std::string("Mailbox(") + self->get_cname() + ")"; },
+          "__str__", [](const Mailbox* self) { return "Mailbox(" + self->get_name() + ")"; },
           "Textual representation of the Mailbox`")
-      .def_static("by_name", &Mailbox::by_name,
-                  py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
-                  py::arg("name"),
+      .def_static("by_name", &Mailbox::by_name, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), py::arg("name"),
                   "Retrieve a Mailbox from its name")
-      .def_property_readonly(
-          "name",
-          [](const Mailbox* self) {
-            return std::string(self->get_name().c_str()); // Convert from xbt::string because of MC
-          },
-          "The name of that mailbox (read-only property).")
+      .def_property_readonly("name", &Mailbox::get_name, "The name of that mailbox (read-only property).")
+      .def_property_readonly("ready", &Mailbox::ready,
+                             "Check if there is a communication ready to be consumed from a mailbox.")
       .def(
           "put",
-          [](Mailbox* self, py::object data, int size, double timeout) {
-            data.inc_ref();
-            self->put(data.ptr(), size, timeout);
+          [](Mailbox* self, py::object data, uint64_t size, double timeout) {
+            auto* data_ptr = data.inc_ref().ptr();
+            const py::gil_scoped_release gil_release;
+            self->put(data_ptr, size, timeout);
           },
-          py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), "Blocking data transmission with a timeout")
+          "Blocking data transmission with a timeout")
       .def(
           "put",
-          [](Mailbox* self, py::object data, int size) {
-            data.inc_ref();
-            self->put(data.ptr(), size);
+          [](Mailbox* self, py::object data, uint64_t size) {
+            auto* data_ptr = data.inc_ref().ptr();
+            const py::gil_scoped_release gil_release;
+            self->put(data_ptr, size);
           },
-          py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), "Blocking data transmission")
+          "Blocking data transmission")
       .def(
           "put_async",
-          [](Mailbox* self, py::object data, int size) {
-            data.inc_ref();
-            return self->put_async(data.ptr(), size);
+          [](Mailbox* self, py::object data, uint64_t size) {
+            auto* data_ptr = data.inc_ref().ptr();
+            const py::gil_scoped_release gil_release;
+            return self->put_async(data_ptr, size);
           },
-          py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), "Non-blocking data transmission")
+          "Non-blocking data transmission")
       .def(
           "put_init",
-          [](Mailbox* self, py::object data, int size) {
-            data.inc_ref();
-            return self->put_init(data.ptr(), size);
+          [](Mailbox* self, py::object data, uint64_t size) {
+            auto* data_ptr = data.inc_ref().ptr();
+            const py::gil_scoped_release gil_release;
+            return self->put_init(data_ptr, size);
           },
-          py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
           "Creates (but don’t start) a data transmission to that mailbox.")
       .def(
-          "get",
-          [](Mailbox* self) {
-            py::object data = py::reinterpret_steal<py::object>(self->get<PyObject>());
-            // data.dec_ref(); // FIXME: why does it break python-actor-create?
-            return data;
-          },
+          "get", [](Mailbox* self) { return py::reinterpret_steal<py::object>(self->get<PyObject>()); },
           py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), "Blocking data reception")
       .def(
           "get_async",
-          [](Mailbox* self) -> std::tuple<simgrid::s4u::CommPtr, PyGetAsync> {
+          [](Mailbox* self) -> std::tuple<CommPtr, PyGetAsync> {
             PyGetAsync wrap;
             auto comm = self->get_async(wrap.get());
             return std::make_tuple(std::move(comm), std::move(wrap));
           },
           py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
           "Non-blocking data reception. Use data.get() to get the python object after the communication has finished")
-      .def(
-          "set_receiver", [](Mailbox* self, ActorPtr actor) { self->set_receiver(actor); },
-          py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), "Sets the actor as permanent receiver");
+      .def("set_receiver", &Mailbox::set_receiver, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
+           "Sets the actor as permanent receiver");
 
   /* Class PyGetAsync */
   py::class_<PyGetAsync>(m, "PyGetAsync", "Wrapper for async get communications")
@@ -703,45 +694,71 @@ PYBIND11_MODULE(simgrid, m)
           "Get python object after async communication in receiver side");
 
   /* Class Comm */
-  py::class_<simgrid::s4u::Comm, simgrid::s4u::CommPtr>(m, "Comm",
-                                                        "Communication. See the C++ documentation for details.")
-      .def("test", &simgrid::s4u::Comm::test, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
+  py::class_<Comm, CommPtr>(m, "Comm", "Communication. See the C++ documentation for details.")
+      .def_property_readonly("dst_data_size", &Comm::get_dst_data_size, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
+                             "Retrieve the size of the received data.")
+      .def_property_readonly("mailbox", &Comm::get_mailbox, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
+                             "Retrieve the mailbox on which this comm acts.")
+      .def_property_readonly("sender", &Comm::get_sender, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>())
+      .def_property_readonly("state_str", &Comm::get_state_str, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
+                             "Retrieve the Comm state as string")
+      .def_property_readonly("remaining", &Comm::get_remaining, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
+                             "Remaining amount of work that this Comm entails")
+      .def_property_readonly("start_time", &Comm::get_start_time, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
+                             "Time at which this Comm started")
+      .def_property_readonly("finish_time", &Comm::get_finish_time, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
+                             "Time at which this Comm finished")
+      .def_property_readonly("is_suspended", &Comm::is_suspended, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
+                             "Whether this Comm is suspended")
+      .def("set_payload_size", &Comm::set_payload_size, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), py::arg("bytes"),
+           "Specify the amount of bytes which exchange should be simulated.")
+      .def("set_rate", &Comm::set_rate, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), py::arg("rate"),
+           "Sets the maximal communication rate (in byte/sec). Must be done before start")
+      .def("cancel", &Comm::cancel, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
+           py::return_value_policy::reference_internal, "Cancel the activity.")
+      .def("start", &Comm::start, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), py::return_value_policy::reference_internal,
+           "Starts a previously created activity. This function is optional: you can call wait() even if you didn't "
+           "call start()")
+      .def("suspend", &Comm::suspend, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
+           py::return_value_policy::reference_internal, "Suspend the activity.")
+      .def("resume", &Comm::resume, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
+           py::return_value_policy::reference_internal, "Resume the activity.")
+      .def("test", &Comm::test, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
            "Test whether the communication is terminated.")
-      .def("wait", &simgrid::s4u::Comm::wait, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
+      .def("wait", &Comm::wait, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
            "Block until the completion of that communication.")
-      .def("wait_for", &simgrid::s4u::Comm::wait_for,
-           py::arg("timeout"),
-           py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
+      .def("wait_for", &Comm::wait_for, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), py::arg("timeout"),
            "Block until the completion of that communication, or raises TimeoutException after the specified timeout.")
-      .def("detach", [](simgrid::s4u::Comm* self) {
-              return self->detach();
-           },
-           py::return_value_policy::reference_internal,
+      .def("wait_until", &Comm::wait_until, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), py::arg("time_limit"),
+           "Block until the completion of that communication, or raises TimeoutException after the specified time.")
+      .def("detach", py::overload_cast<>(&Comm::detach), py::return_value_policy::reference_internal,
            py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
            "Start the comm, and ignore its result. It can be completely forgotten after that.")
-      .def_static(
-          "wait_all", &simgrid::s4u::Comm::wait_all,
-          py::arg("comms"),
-          py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
-          "Block until the completion of all communications in the list.")
-      .def_static("wait_all_for", &simgrid::s4u::Comm::wait_all_for,
-                  py::arg("comms"), py::arg("timeout"),
-                  py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
+      .def_static("sendto", &Comm::sendto, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), py::arg("from"), py::arg("to"),
+                  py::arg("simulated_size_in_bytes"), "Do a blocking communication between two arbitrary hosts.")
+      .def_static("sendto_init", py::overload_cast<Host*, Host*>(&Comm::sendto_init),
+                  py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), py::arg("from"), py::arg("to"),
+                  "Creates a communication between the two given hosts, bypassing the mailbox mechanism.")
+      .def_static("sendto_async", &Comm::sendto_async, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), py::arg("from"),
+                  py::arg("to"), py::arg("simulated_size_in_bytes"),
+                  "Do a blocking communication between two arbitrary hosts.\n\nThis initializes a communication that "
+                  "completely bypass the mailbox and actors mechanism. There is really no limit on the hosts involved. "
+                  "In particular, the actor does not have to be on one of the involved hosts.")
+      .def_static("test_any", &Comm::test_any, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), py::arg("comms"),
+                  "take a vector s4u::CommPtr and return the rank of the first finished one (or -1 if none is done)")
+      .def_static("wait_all", &Comm::wait_all, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), py::arg("comms"),
+                  "Block until the completion of all communications in the list.")
+      .def_static("wait_all_for", &Comm::wait_all_for, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), py::arg("comms"),
+                  py::arg("timeout"),
                   "Block until the completion of all communications in the list, or raises TimeoutException after "
                   "the specified timeout.")
-      .def_static(
-          "wait_any", &simgrid::s4u::Comm::wait_any,
-          py::arg("comms"),
-          py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
-          "Block until the completion of any communication in the list and return the index of the terminated one.")
-      .def_static(
-          "wait_any_for",
-          &simgrid::s4u::Comm::wait_any_for,
-          py::arg("comms"), py::arg("timeout"),
-          py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
-          "Block until the completion of any communication in the list and return the index of the terminated "
-          "one, or -1 if a timeout occurred."
-      );
+      .def_static("wait_any", &Comm::wait_any, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), py::arg("comms"),
+                  "Block until the completion of any communication in the list and return the index of the "
+                  "terminated one.")
+      .def_static("wait_any_for", &Comm::wait_any_for, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), py::arg("comms"),
+                  py::arg("timeout"),
+                  "Block until the completion of any communication in the list and return the index of the terminated "
+                  "one, or -1 if a timeout occurred.");
 
   /* Class Io */
   py::class_<simgrid::s4u::Io, simgrid::s4u::IoPtr>(m, "Io", "I/O activities. See the C++ documentation for details.")
@@ -757,30 +774,27 @@ PYBIND11_MODULE(simgrid, m)
 
   /* Class Exec */
   py::class_<simgrid::s4u::Exec, simgrid::s4u::ExecPtr>(m, "Exec", "Execution. See the C++ documentation for details.")
-      .def_property_readonly(
-          "remaining",
-          [](simgrid::s4u::ExecPtr self) {
-            py::gil_scoped_release gil_guard;
-            return self->get_remaining();
-          },
-          "Amount of flops that remain to be computed until completion (read-only property).")
-      .def_property_readonly(
-          "remaining_ratio",
-          [](simgrid::s4u::ExecPtr self) {
-            py::gil_scoped_release gil_guard;
-            return self->get_remaining_ratio();
-          },
-          "Amount of work remaining until completion from 0 (completely done) to 1 (nothing done "
-          "yet) (read-only property).")
+      .def_property_readonly("remaining", &simgrid::s4u::Exec::get_remaining, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
+                             "Amount of flops that remain to be computed until completion (read-only property).")
+      .def_property_readonly("remaining_ratio", &simgrid::s4u::Exec::get_remaining_ratio,
+                             py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
+                             "Amount of work remaining until completion from 0 (completely done) to 1 (nothing done "
+                             "yet) (read-only property).")
       .def_property("host", &simgrid::s4u::Exec::get_host, &simgrid::s4u::Exec::set_host,
                     "Host on which this execution runs. Only the first host is returned for parallel executions. "
                     "Changing this value migrates the execution.")
+      .def_property_readonly("is_suspended", &simgrid::s4u::Exec::is_suspended,
+                             py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), "Whether this Exec is suspended")
       .def("test", &simgrid::s4u::Exec::test, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
            "Test whether the execution is terminated.")
       .def("cancel", &simgrid::s4u::Exec::cancel, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), "Cancel that execution.")
       .def("start", &simgrid::s4u::Exec::start, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), "Start that execution.")
+      .def("suspend", &simgrid::s4u::Exec::suspend, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), "Suspend that execution.")
+      .def("resume", &simgrid::s4u::Exec::resume, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), "Resume that execution.")
       .def("wait", &simgrid::s4u::Exec::wait, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
-           "Block until the completion of that execution.");
+           "Block until the completion of that execution.")
+      .def("wait_for", &simgrid::s4u::Exec::wait_for, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), py::arg("timeout"),
+           "Block until the completion of that activity, or raises TimeoutException after the specified timeout.");
 
   /* Class Semaphore */
   py::class_<Semaphore, SemaphorePtr>(m, "Semaphore",
@@ -801,8 +815,9 @@ PYBIND11_MODULE(simgrid, m)
                              "Check whether trying to acquire the semaphore would block (in other word, checks whether "
                              "this semaphore has capacity).")
       // Allow semaphores to be automatically acquired/released with a context manager: `with semaphore: ...`
-      .def("__enter__", [](Semaphore* self){ self->acquire(); }, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>())
-      .def("__exit__", [](Semaphore* self){ self->release(); }, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>());
+      .def("__enter__", &Semaphore::acquire, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>())
+      .def("__exit__",
+           [](Semaphore* self, const py::object&, const py::object&, const py::object&) { self->release(); });
 
   /* Class Mutex */
   py::class_<Mutex, MutexPtr>(m, "Mutex",
@@ -814,9 +829,9 @@ PYBIND11_MODULE(simgrid, m)
            "Try to acquire the mutex. Return true if the mutex was acquired, false otherwise.")
       .def("unlock", &Mutex::unlock, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), "Release the mutex.")
       // Allow mutexes to be automatically acquired/released with a context manager: `with mutex: ...`
-      .def("__enter__", [](Mutex* self){ self->lock(); }, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>())
+      .def("__enter__", &Mutex::lock, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>())
       .def("__exit__", [](Mutex* self, const py::object&, const py::object&, const py::object&) { self->unlock(); },
-          py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>());
+           py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>());
 
   /* Class Barrier */
   py::class_<Barrier, BarrierPtr>(m, "Barrier",
@@ -833,12 +848,15 @@ PYBIND11_MODULE(simgrid, m)
                                             "application. See the C++ documentation for details.")
       .def(
           "create",
-          [](py::str name, Host* h, py::object fun, py::args args) {
-            fun.inc_ref();  // FIXME: why is this needed for tests like exec-async, exec-dvfs and exec-remote?
-            args.inc_ref(); // FIXME: why is this needed for tests like actor-migrate?
-            return simgrid::s4u::Actor::create(name, h, [fun, args]() {
-              py::gil_scoped_acquire py_context;
+          [](const std::string& name, Host* h, py::object fun, py::args args) {
+            fun.inc_ref();  // keep alive after return
+            args.inc_ref(); // keep alive after return
+            const py::gil_scoped_release gil_release;
+            return simgrid::s4u::Actor::create(name, h, [fun_p = fun.ptr(), args_p = args.ptr()]() {
+              const py::gil_scoped_acquire py_context;
               try {
+                const auto fun  = py::reinterpret_borrow<py::object>(fun_p);
+                const auto args = py::reinterpret_borrow<py::args>(args_p);
                 fun(*args);
               } catch (const py::error_already_set& ex) {
                 if (ex.matches(pyForcefulKillEx)) {
@@ -849,14 +867,9 @@ PYBIND11_MODULE(simgrid, m)
               }
             });
           },
-          py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
           "Create an actor from a function or an object. See the :ref:`example <s4u_ex_actors_create>`.")
       .def_property(
-          "host", &Actor::get_host,
-          [](Actor* a, Host* h) {
-            py::gil_scoped_release gil_guard;
-            a->set_host(h);
-          },
+          "host", &Actor::get_host, py::cpp_function(&Actor::set_host, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>()),
           "The host on which this actor is located. Changing this value migrates the actor.\n\n"
           "If the actor is currently blocked on an execution activity, the activity is also migrated to the new host. "
           "If it’s blocked on another kind of activity, an error is raised as the mandated code is not written yet. "
@@ -885,5 +898,79 @@ PYBIND11_MODULE(simgrid, m)
            "Suspend that actor, that is blocked until resume()ed by another actor.")
       .def("resume", &Actor::resume, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
            "Resume that actor, that was previously suspend()ed.")
-      .def_static("kill_all", &Actor::kill_all, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), "Kill all actors but the caller.");
+      .def_static("kill_all", &Actor::kill_all, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
+                  "Kill all actors but the caller.");
+     
+     /* Enum Class IoOpType */
+     py::enum_<simgrid::s4u::Io::OpType>(m, "IoOpType")
+      .value("READ", simgrid::s4u::Io::OpType::READ)
+      .value("WRITE", simgrid::s4u::Io::OpType::WRITE);
+
+     /* Class Operation */
+     py::class_<Operation, OperationPtr>(m, "Operation",
+                                            "Operation. See the C++ documentation for details.")
+      .def_static("init", &Operation::init)
+      .def_static("on_start_cb", [](py::object cb) {
+            cb.inc_ref(); // keep alive after return
+            const py::gil_scoped_release gil_release;
+            Operation::on_start_cb([cb](Operation* op) {
+              const py::gil_scoped_acquire py_context; // need a new context for callback
+              py::reinterpret_borrow<py::function>(cb.ptr())(op);
+            });
+          },
+          "Add a callback called when each operation starts.")
+      .def_static("on_end_cb", [](py::object cb) {
+            cb.inc_ref(); // keep alive after return
+            const py::gil_scoped_release gil_release;
+            Operation::on_end_cb([cb](Operation* op) {
+              const py::gil_scoped_acquire py_context; // need a new context for callback
+              py::reinterpret_borrow<py::function>(cb.ptr())(op);
+            });
+          },
+          "Add a callback called when each operation ends.")
+      .def_property_readonly("name", &Operation::get_name, "The name of this operation (read-only).")
+      .def_property_readonly("count", &Operation::get_count, "The execution count of this operation (read-only).")
+      .def_property_readonly("successors", &Operation::get_successors, "The successors of this operation (read-only).")
+      .def_property("amount", &Operation::get_amount, &Operation::set_amount, "The amount of work to do for this operation.")
+      .def("enqueue_execs", py::overload_cast<int>(&Operation::enqueue_execs), py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), py::arg("n"), "Enqueue executions for this operation.")
+      .def("add_successor", py::overload_cast<OperationPtr>(&Operation::add_successor), py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), py::arg("op"), "Add a successor to this operation.")
+      .def("remove_successor", py::overload_cast<OperationPtr>(&Operation::remove_successor), py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), py::arg("op"), "Remove a successor of this operation.")
+      .def("remove_all_successors", &Operation::remove_all_successors, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(), "Remove all successors of this operation.")
+      .def("on_this_start", py::overload_cast<const std::function<void(Operation*)>&>(&Operation::on_this_start), py::arg("func"), "Add a callback called when this operation starts.")
+      .def("on_this_end", py::overload_cast<const std::function<void(Operation*)>&>(&Operation::on_this_end), py::arg("func"), "Add a callback called when this operation ends.")
+      .def("__repr__", [](const OperationPtr op) {
+          return op->get_name();
+      });
+     
+     /* Class CommOp */
+     py::class_<CommOp, CommOpPtr, Operation>(m, "CommOp",
+                                            "Communication Operation. See the C++ documentation for details.")
+      .def_static("init", py::overload_cast<const std::string&>(&CommOp::init), py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
+               py::arg("name"), "CommOp constructor")
+      .def_static("init", py::overload_cast<const std::string&, double, Host*, Host*>(&CommOp::init), py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
+               py::arg("name"), py::arg("bytes"), py::arg("source"), py::arg("destination"), "CommOp constructor")
+      .def_property("source", &CommOp::get_source, &CommOp::set_source, "The source of the communication.")
+      .def_property("destination", &CommOp::get_destination, &CommOp::set_destination, "The destination of the communication.")
+      .def_property("bytes", &CommOp::get_bytes, &CommOp::set_bytes, "The amount of bytes to send.");
+      
+     /* Class ExecOp */
+     py::class_<ExecOp, ExecOpPtr, Operation>(m, "ExecOp",
+                                            "Execution Operation. See the C++ documentation for details.")
+      .def_static("init", py::overload_cast<const std::string&>(&ExecOp::init), py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
+               py::arg("name"), "ExecOp constructor")
+      .def_static("init", py::overload_cast<const std::string&, double, Host*>(&ExecOp::init), py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
+               py::arg("name"), py::arg("flops"), py::arg("host"), "CommOp constructor.")
+      .def_property("host", &ExecOp::get_host, &ExecOp::set_host, "The host of the execution.")
+      .def_property("flops", &ExecOp::get_flops, &ExecOp::set_flops, "The amount of flops to execute.");
+     
+     /* Class IoOp */
+     py::class_<IoOp, IoOpPtr, Operation>(m, "IoOp",
+                                            "IO Operation. See the C++ documentation for details.")
+      .def_static("init", py::overload_cast<const std::string&>(&IoOp::init), py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
+               py::arg("name"), "IoOp constructor")
+      .def_static("init", py::overload_cast<const std::string&, double, Disk*, Io::OpType>(&IoOp::init), py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>(),
+               py::arg("name"), py::arg("bytes"), py::arg("disk"), py::arg("type"), "IoOp constructor.")
+      .def_property("disk", &IoOp::get_disk, &IoOp::set_disk, "The disk of the IO.")
+      .def_property("bytes", &IoOp::get_bytes, &IoOp::set_bytes, "The amount of bytes to process.")
+      .def_property("type", &IoOp::get_bytes, &IoOp::set_bytes, "The type of IO.");
 }