Logo AND Algorithmique Numérique Distribuée

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Fix null pointer dereference.
[simgrid.git] / src / kernel / lmm / maxmin.cpp
index 153707a..628b69c 100644 (file)
@@ -1,21 +1,11 @@
-/* Copyright (c) 2004-2017. The SimGrid Team. All rights reserved.          */
+/* Copyright (c) 2004-2019. The SimGrid Team. All rights reserved.          */
 
 /* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
  * under the terms of the license (GNU LGPL) which comes with this package. */
 
-/* \file callbacks.h */
-
 #include "src/kernel/lmm/maxmin.hpp"
+#include "src/surf/surf_interface.hpp"
 #include "xbt/backtrace.hpp"
-#include "xbt/log.h"
-#include "xbt/mallocator.h"
-#include "xbt/sysdep.h"
-#include <algorithm>
-#include <cmath>
-#include <cstdlib>
-#include <cxxabi.h>
-#include <limits>
-#include <vector>
 
 XBT_LOG_NEW_DEFAULT_SUBCATEGORY(surf_maxmin, surf, "Logging specific to SURF (maxmin)");
 
@@ -29,10 +19,15 @@ namespace lmm {
 
 typedef std::vector<int> dyn_light_t;
 
-int s_lmm_variable_t::Global_debug_id   = 1;
-int s_lmm_constraint_t::Global_debug_id = 1;
+int Variable::next_rank_   = 1;
+int Constraint::next_rank_ = 1;
 
-int s_lmm_element_t::get_concurrency() const
+System* make_new_maxmin_system(bool selective_update)
+{
+  return new System(selective_update);
+}
+
+int Element::get_concurrency() const
 {
   // Ignore element with weight less than one (e.g. cross-traffic)
   return (consumption_weight >= 1) ? 1 : 0;
@@ -44,303 +39,272 @@ int s_lmm_element_t::get_concurrency() const
   // return (int)ceil(elem->weight);//Include element as the rounded-up integer value of the element weight
 }
 
-void s_lmm_element_t::decrease_concurrency()
+void Element::decrease_concurrency()
 {
-  xbt_assert(constraint->concurrency_current >= get_concurrency());
-  constraint->concurrency_current -= get_concurrency();
+  xbt_assert(constraint->concurrency_current_ >= get_concurrency());
+  constraint->concurrency_current_ -= get_concurrency();
 }
 
-void s_lmm_element_t::increase_concurrency()
+void Element::increase_concurrency()
 {
-  constraint->concurrency_current += get_concurrency();
+  constraint->concurrency_current_ += get_concurrency();
 
-  if (constraint->concurrency_current > constraint->concurrency_maximum)
-    constraint->concurrency_maximum = constraint->concurrency_current;
+  if (constraint->concurrency_current_ > constraint->concurrency_maximum_)
+    constraint->concurrency_maximum_ = constraint->concurrency_current_;
 
   xbt_assert(constraint->get_concurrency_limit() < 0 ||
-                 constraint->concurrency_current <= constraint->get_concurrency_limit(),
+                 constraint->concurrency_current_ <= constraint->get_concurrency_limit(),
              "Concurrency limit overflow!");
 }
 
-void s_lmm_system_t::check_concurrency()
+void System::check_concurrency() const
 {
   // These checks are very expensive, so do them only if we want to debug SURF LMM
   if (not XBT_LOG_ISENABLED(surf_maxmin, xbt_log_priority_debug))
     return;
 
-  void* cnstIt;
-  xbt_swag_foreach(cnstIt, &constraint_set)
-  {
-    lmm_constraint_t cnst = (lmm_constraint_t)cnstIt;
+  for (Constraint const& cnst : constraint_set) {
     int concurrency       = 0;
-    void* elemIt;
-    xbt_swag_foreach(elemIt, &(cnst->enabled_element_set))
-    {
-      lmm_element_t elem = (lmm_element_t)elemIt;
-      xbt_assert(elem->variable->sharing_weight > 0);
-      concurrency += elem->get_concurrency();
+    for (Element const& elem : cnst.enabled_element_set_) {
+      xbt_assert(elem.variable->sharing_penalty_ > 0);
+      concurrency += elem.get_concurrency();
     }
 
-    xbt_swag_foreach(elemIt, &(cnst->disabled_element_set))
-    {
-      lmm_element_t elem = (lmm_element_t)elemIt;
+    for (Element const& elem : cnst.disabled_element_set_) {
       // We should have staged variables only if concurrency is reached in some constraint
-      xbt_assert(cnst->get_concurrency_limit() < 0 || elem->variable->staged_weight == 0 ||
-                     elem->variable->get_min_concurrency_slack() < elem->variable->concurrency_share,
+      xbt_assert(cnst.get_concurrency_limit() < 0 || elem.variable->staged_penalty_ == 0 ||
+                     elem.variable->get_min_concurrency_slack() < elem.variable->concurrency_share_,
                  "should not have staged variable!");
     }
 
-    xbt_assert(cnst->get_concurrency_limit() < 0 || cnst->get_concurrency_limit() >= concurrency,
+    xbt_assert(cnst.get_concurrency_limit() < 0 || cnst.get_concurrency_limit() >= concurrency,
                "concurrency check failed!");
-    xbt_assert(cnst->concurrency_current == concurrency, "concurrency_current is out-of-date!");
+    xbt_assert(cnst.concurrency_current_ == concurrency, "concurrency_current is out-of-date!");
   }
 
   // Check that for each variable, all corresponding elements are in the same state (i.e. same element sets)
-  void* varIt;
-  xbt_swag_foreach(varIt, &variable_set)
-  {
-    lmm_variable_t var = (lmm_variable_t)varIt;
-
-    if (var->cnsts.empty())
+  for (Variable const& var : variable_set) {
+    if (var.cnsts_.empty())
       continue;
 
-    lmm_element_t elem     = &var->cnsts[0];
-    int belong_to_enabled  = xbt_swag_belongs(elem, &(elem->constraint->enabled_element_set));
-    int belong_to_disabled = xbt_swag_belongs(elem, &(elem->constraint->disabled_element_set));
-    int belong_to_active   = xbt_swag_belongs(elem, &(elem->constraint->active_element_set));
+    const Element& elem    = var.cnsts_[0];
+    int belong_to_enabled  = elem.enabled_element_set_hook.is_linked();
+    int belong_to_disabled = elem.disabled_element_set_hook.is_linked();
+    int belong_to_active   = elem.active_element_set_hook.is_linked();
 
-    for (s_lmm_element_t const& elem : var->cnsts) {
-      xbt_assert(belong_to_enabled == xbt_swag_belongs(&elem, &(elem.constraint->enabled_element_set)),
+    for (Element const& elem2 : var.cnsts_) {
+      xbt_assert(belong_to_enabled == elem2.enabled_element_set_hook.is_linked(),
                  "Variable inconsistency (1): enabled_element_set");
-      xbt_assert(belong_to_disabled == xbt_swag_belongs(&elem, &(elem.constraint->disabled_element_set)),
+      xbt_assert(belong_to_disabled == elem2.disabled_element_set_hook.is_linked(),
                  "Variable inconsistency (2): disabled_element_set");
-      xbt_assert(belong_to_active == xbt_swag_belongs(&elem, &(elem.constraint->active_element_set)),
+      xbt_assert(belong_to_active == elem2.active_element_set_hook.is_linked(),
                  "Variable inconsistency (3): active_element_set");
     }
   }
 }
 
-void s_lmm_system_t::var_free(lmm_variable_t var)
+void System::var_free(Variable* var)
 {
   XBT_IN("(sys=%p, var=%p)", this, var);
-  modified = true;
+  modified_ = true;
 
   // TODOLATER Can do better than that by leaving only the variable in only one enabled_element_set, call
   // update_modified_set, and then remove it..
-  if (not var->cnsts.empty())
-    update_modified_set(var->cnsts[0].constraint);
+  if (not var->cnsts_.empty())
+    update_modified_set(var->cnsts_[0].constraint);
 
-  for (s_lmm_element_t& elem : var->cnsts) {
-    if (var->sharing_weight > 0)
+  for (Element& elem : var->cnsts_) {
+    if (var->sharing_penalty_ > 0)
       elem.decrease_concurrency();
-    xbt_swag_remove(&elem, &(elem.constraint->enabled_element_set));
-    xbt_swag_remove(&elem, &(elem.constraint->disabled_element_set));
-    xbt_swag_remove(&elem, &(elem.constraint->active_element_set));
-    int nelements = xbt_swag_size(&(elem.constraint->enabled_element_set)) +
-                    xbt_swag_size(&(elem.constraint->disabled_element_set));
+    if (elem.enabled_element_set_hook.is_linked())
+      simgrid::xbt::intrusive_erase(elem.constraint->enabled_element_set_, elem);
+    if (elem.disabled_element_set_hook.is_linked())
+      simgrid::xbt::intrusive_erase(elem.constraint->disabled_element_set_, elem);
+    if (elem.active_element_set_hook.is_linked())
+      simgrid::xbt::intrusive_erase(elem.constraint->active_element_set_, elem);
+    int nelements = elem.constraint->enabled_element_set_.size() + elem.constraint->disabled_element_set_.size();
     if (nelements == 0)
       make_constraint_inactive(elem.constraint);
     else
       on_disabled_var(elem.constraint);
   }
 
-  var->cnsts.clear();
+  var->cnsts_.clear();
 
   check_concurrency();
 
-  xbt_mallocator_release(variable_mallocator, var);
+  xbt_mallocator_release(variable_mallocator_, var);
   XBT_OUT();
 }
 
-s_lmm_system_t::s_lmm_system_t(bool selective_update) : selective_update_active(selective_update)
+System::System(bool selective_update) : selective_update_active(selective_update)
 {
-  s_lmm_variable_t var;
-  s_lmm_constraint_t cnst;
-
-  modified        = false;
-  visited_counter = 1;
-
   XBT_DEBUG("Setting selective_update_active flag to %d", selective_update_active);
 
-  xbt_swag_init(&variable_set, xbt_swag_offset(var, variable_set_hookup));
-  xbt_swag_init(&constraint_set, xbt_swag_offset(cnst, constraint_set_hookup));
-
-  xbt_swag_init(&active_constraint_set, xbt_swag_offset(cnst, active_constraint_set_hookup));
-
-  xbt_swag_init(&modified_constraint_set, xbt_swag_offset(cnst, modified_constraint_set_hookup));
-  xbt_swag_init(&saturated_variable_set, xbt_swag_offset(var, saturated_variable_set_hookup));
-  xbt_swag_init(&saturated_constraint_set, xbt_swag_offset(cnst, saturated_constraint_set_hookup));
-
-  keep_track          = nullptr;
-  variable_mallocator = xbt_mallocator_new(65536, s_lmm_system_t::variable_mallocator_new_f,
-                                           s_lmm_system_t::variable_mallocator_free_f, nullptr);
-  solve_fun = &lmm_solve;
+  if (selective_update)
+    modified_set_ = new kernel::resource::Action::ModifiedSet();
 }
 
-s_lmm_system_t::~s_lmm_system_t()
+System::~System()
 {
-  lmm_variable_t var;
-  lmm_constraint_t cnst;
+  Variable* var;
+  Constraint* cnst;
 
   while ((var = extract_variable())) {
-    auto demangled = simgrid::xbt::demangle(typeid(*var->id).name());
+    auto demangled = simgrid::xbt::demangle(var->id_ ? typeid(*var->id_).name() : "(unidentified)");
     XBT_WARN("Probable bug: a %s variable (#%d) not removed before the LMM system destruction.", demangled.get(),
-             var->id_int);
+             var->rank_);
     var_free(var);
   }
   while ((cnst = extract_constraint()))
     cnst_free(cnst);
 
-  xbt_mallocator_free(variable_mallocator);
+  xbt_mallocator_free(variable_mallocator_);
+  delete modified_set_;
 }
 
-void s_lmm_system_t::cnst_free(lmm_constraint_t cnst)
+void System::cnst_free(Constraint* cnst)
 {
   make_constraint_inactive(cnst);
   delete cnst;
 }
 
-s_lmm_constraint_t::s_lmm_constraint_t(void* id_value, double bound_value) : bound(bound_value), id(id_value)
+Constraint::Constraint(void* id_value, double bound_value) : bound_(bound_value), id_(id_value)
 {
-  s_lmm_element_t elem;
-
-  id_int = Global_debug_id++;
-  xbt_swag_init(&enabled_element_set, xbt_swag_offset(elem, enabled_element_set_hookup));
-  xbt_swag_init(&disabled_element_set, xbt_swag_offset(elem, disabled_element_set_hookup));
-  xbt_swag_init(&active_element_set, xbt_swag_offset(elem, active_element_set_hookup));
-
-  remaining           = 0.0;
-  usage               = 0.0;
-  concurrency_limit   = sg_concurrency_limit;
-  concurrency_current = 0;
-  concurrency_maximum = 0;
-  sharing_policy      = 1; /* FIXME: don't hardcode the value */
-
-  lambda     = 0.0;
-  new_lambda = 0.0;
-  cnst_light = nullptr;
+  rank_ = next_rank_++;
+
+  remaining_           = 0.0;
+  usage_               = 0.0;
+  concurrency_limit_   = sg_concurrency_limit;
+  concurrency_current_ = 0;
+  concurrency_maximum_ = 0;
+  sharing_policy_      = s4u::Link::SharingPolicy::SHARED;
+
+  lambda_     = 0.0;
+  new_lambda_ = 0.0;
+  cnst_light_ = nullptr;
 }
 
-lmm_constraint_t s_lmm_system_t::constraint_new(void* id, double bound_value)
+Constraint* System::constraint_new(void* id, double bound_value)
 {
-  lmm_constraint_t cnst = new s_lmm_constraint_t(id, bound_value);
+  Constraint* cnst = new Constraint(id, bound_value);
   insert_constraint(cnst);
   return cnst;
 }
 
-void* s_lmm_system_t::variable_mallocator_new_f()
+void* System::variable_mallocator_new_f()
 {
-  return new s_lmm_variable_t;
+  return new Variable;
 }
 
-void s_lmm_system_t::variable_mallocator_free_f(void* var)
+void System::variable_mallocator_free_f(void* var)
 {
-  delete static_cast<lmm_variable_t>(var);
+  delete static_cast<Variable*>(var);
 }
 
-lmm_variable_t s_lmm_system_t::variable_new(simgrid::surf::Action* id, double sharing_weight, double bound,
-                                            int number_of_constraints)
+Variable* System::variable_new(resource::Action* id, double sharing_penalty, double bound, size_t number_of_constraints)
 {
-  XBT_IN("(sys=%p, id=%p, weight=%f, bound=%f, num_cons =%d)", this, id, sharing_weight, bound, number_of_constraints);
+  XBT_IN("(sys=%p, id=%p, penalty=%f, bound=%f, num_cons =%zu)", this, id, sharing_penalty, bound,
+         number_of_constraints);
 
-  lmm_variable_t var = static_cast<lmm_variable_t>(xbt_mallocator_get(variable_mallocator));
-  var->initialize(id, sharing_weight, bound, number_of_constraints, visited_counter - 1);
-  if (sharing_weight)
-    xbt_swag_insert_at_head(var, &variable_set);
+  Variable* var = static_cast<Variable*>(xbt_mallocator_get(variable_mallocator_));
+  var->initialize(id, sharing_penalty, bound, number_of_constraints, visited_counter_ - 1);
+  if (sharing_penalty > 0)
+    variable_set.push_front(*var);
   else
-    xbt_swag_insert_at_tail(var, &variable_set);
+    variable_set.push_back(*var);
 
   XBT_OUT(" returns %p", var);
   return var;
 }
 
-void s_lmm_system_t::variable_free(lmm_variable_t var)
+void System::variable_free(Variable* var)
 {
   remove_variable(var);
   var_free(var);
 }
 
-void s_lmm_system_t::expand(lmm_constraint_t cnst, lmm_variable_t var, double consumption_weight)
+void System::expand(Constraint* cnst, Variable* var, double consumption_weight)
 {
-  modified = true;
+  modified_ = true;
 
   // Check if this variable already has an active element in this constraint
   // If it does, substract it from the required slack
   int current_share = 0;
-  if (var->concurrency_share > 1) {
-    for (s_lmm_element_t& elem : var->cnsts) {
-      if (elem.constraint == cnst && xbt_swag_belongs(&elem, &(elem.constraint->enabled_element_set)))
+  if (var->concurrency_share_ > 1) {
+    for (Element& elem : var->cnsts_) {
+      if (elem.constraint == cnst && elem.enabled_element_set_hook.is_linked())
         current_share += elem.get_concurrency();
     }
   }
 
   // Check if we need to disable the variable
-  if (var->sharing_weight > 0 && var->concurrency_share - current_share > cnst->get_concurrency_slack()) {
-    double weight = var->sharing_weight;
+  if (var->sharing_penalty_ > 0 && var->concurrency_share_ - current_share > cnst->get_concurrency_slack()) {
+    double penalty = var->sharing_penalty_;
     disable_var(var);
-    for (s_lmm_element_t const& elem : var->cnsts)
+    for (Element const& elem : var->cnsts_)
       on_disabled_var(elem.constraint);
     consumption_weight = 0;
-    var->staged_weight = weight;
-    xbt_assert(not var->sharing_weight);
+    var->staged_penalty_ = penalty;
+    xbt_assert(not var->sharing_penalty_);
   }
 
-  xbt_assert(var->cnsts.size() < var->cnsts.capacity(), "Too much constraints");
+  xbt_assert(var->cnsts_.size() < var->cnsts_.capacity(), "Too much constraints");
 
-  var->cnsts.resize(var->cnsts.size() + 1);
-  s_lmm_element_t& elem = var->cnsts.back();
+  var->cnsts_.resize(var->cnsts_.size() + 1);
+  Element& elem = var->cnsts_.back();
 
   elem.consumption_weight = consumption_weight;
   elem.constraint         = cnst;
   elem.variable           = var;
 
-  if (var->sharing_weight) {
-    xbt_swag_insert_at_head(&elem, &(elem.constraint->enabled_element_set));
+  if (var->sharing_penalty_) {
+    elem.constraint->enabled_element_set_.push_front(elem);
     elem.increase_concurrency();
   } else
-    xbt_swag_insert_at_tail(&elem, &(elem.constraint->disabled_element_set));
+    elem.constraint->disabled_element_set_.push_back(elem);
 
   if (not selective_update_active) {
     make_constraint_active(cnst);
-  } else if (elem.consumption_weight > 0 || var->sharing_weight > 0) {
+  } else if (elem.consumption_weight > 0 || var->sharing_penalty_ > 0) {
     make_constraint_active(cnst);
     update_modified_set(cnst);
     // TODOLATER: Why do we need this second call?
-    if (var->cnsts.size() > 1)
-      update_modified_set(var->cnsts[0].constraint);
+    if (var->cnsts_.size() > 1)
+      update_modified_set(var->cnsts_[0].constraint);
   }
 
   check_concurrency();
 }
 
-void s_lmm_system_t::expand_add(lmm_constraint_t cnst, lmm_variable_t var, double value)
+void System::expand_add(Constraint* cnst, Variable* var, double value)
 {
-  modified = true;
+  modified_ = true;
 
   check_concurrency();
 
   // BEWARE: In case you have multiple elements in one constraint, this will always add value to the first element.
-  auto elem_it = std::find_if(begin(var->cnsts), end(var->cnsts),
-                              [&cnst](s_lmm_element_t const& x) { return x.constraint == cnst; });
-  if (elem_it != end(var->cnsts)) {
-    s_lmm_element_t& elem = *elem_it;
-    if (var->sharing_weight)
+  auto elem_it =
+      std::find_if(begin(var->cnsts_), end(var->cnsts_), [&cnst](Element const& x) { return x.constraint == cnst; });
+  if (elem_it != end(var->cnsts_)) {
+    Element& elem = *elem_it;
+    if (var->sharing_penalty_)
       elem.decrease_concurrency();
 
-    if (cnst->sharing_policy)
+    if (cnst->sharing_policy_ != s4u::Link::SharingPolicy::FATPIPE)
       elem.consumption_weight += value;
     else
       elem.consumption_weight = std::max(elem.consumption_weight, value);
 
     // We need to check that increasing value of the element does not cross the concurrency limit
-    if (var->sharing_weight) {
+    if (var->sharing_penalty_) {
       if (cnst->get_concurrency_slack() < elem.get_concurrency()) {
-        double weight = var->sharing_weight;
+        double penalty = var->sharing_penalty_;
         disable_var(var);
-        for (s_lmm_element_t const& elem2 : var->cnsts)
+        for (Element const& elem2 : var->cnsts_)
           on_disabled_var(elem2.constraint);
-        var->staged_weight = weight;
-        xbt_assert(not var->sharing_weight);
+        var->staged_penalty_ = penalty;
+        xbt_assert(not var->sharing_penalty_);
       }
       elem.increase_concurrency();
     }
@@ -351,23 +315,31 @@ void s_lmm_system_t::expand_add(lmm_constraint_t cnst, lmm_variable_t var, doubl
   check_concurrency();
 }
 
-lmm_variable_t s_lmm_constraint_t::get_variable(lmm_element_t* elem) const
+Variable* Constraint::get_variable(const Element** elem) const
 {
   if (*elem == nullptr) {
     // That is the first call, pick the first element among enabled_element_set (or disabled_element_set if
     // enabled_element_set is empty)
-    *elem = (lmm_element_t)xbt_swag_getFirst(&enabled_element_set);
-    if (*elem == nullptr)
-      *elem = (lmm_element_t)xbt_swag_getFirst(&disabled_element_set);
+    if (not enabled_element_set_.empty())
+      *elem = &enabled_element_set_.front();
+    else if (not disabled_element_set_.empty())
+      *elem = &disabled_element_set_.front();
+    else
+      *elem = nullptr;
   } else {
     // elem is not null, so we carry on
-    if (xbt_swag_belongs(*elem, &enabled_element_set)) {
+    if ((*elem)->enabled_element_set_hook.is_linked()) {
       // Look at enabled_element_set, and jump to disabled_element_set when finished
-      *elem = (lmm_element_t)xbt_swag_getNext(*elem, enabled_element_set.offset);
-      if (*elem == nullptr)
-        *elem = (lmm_element_t)xbt_swag_getFirst(&disabled_element_set);
+      auto iter = std::next(enabled_element_set_.iterator_to(**elem));
+      if (iter != std::end(enabled_element_set_))
+        *elem = &*iter;
+      else if (not disabled_element_set_.empty())
+        *elem = &disabled_element_set_.front();
+      else
+        *elem = nullptr;
     } else {
-      *elem = (lmm_element_t)xbt_swag_getNext(*elem, disabled_element_set.offset);
+      auto iter = std::next(disabled_element_set_.iterator_to(**elem));
+      *elem     = iter != std::end(disabled_element_set_) ? &*iter : nullptr;
     }
   }
   if (*elem)
@@ -376,15 +348,18 @@ lmm_variable_t s_lmm_constraint_t::get_variable(lmm_element_t* elem) const
     return nullptr;
 }
 
-// if we modify the swag between calls, normal version may loop forever
-// this safe version ensures that we browse the swag elements only once
-lmm_variable_t s_lmm_constraint_t::get_variable_safe(lmm_element_t* elem, lmm_element_t* nextelem, int* numelem) const
+// if we modify the list between calls, normal version may loop forever
+// this safe version ensures that we browse the list elements only once
+Variable* Constraint::get_variable_safe(const Element** elem, const Element** nextelem, int* numelem) const
 {
   if (*elem == nullptr) {
-    *elem    = (lmm_element_t)xbt_swag_getFirst(&enabled_element_set);
-    *numelem = xbt_swag_size(&enabled_element_set) + xbt_swag_size(&disabled_element_set) - 1;
-    if (*elem == nullptr)
-      *elem = (lmm_element_t)xbt_swag_getFirst(&disabled_element_set);
+    *numelem = enabled_element_set_.size() + disabled_element_set_.size() - 1;
+    if (not enabled_element_set_.empty())
+      *elem = &enabled_element_set_.front();
+    else if (not disabled_element_set_.empty())
+      *elem = &disabled_element_set_.front();
+    else
+      *elem = nullptr;
   } else {
     *elem = *nextelem;
     if (*numelem > 0) {
@@ -394,13 +369,18 @@ lmm_variable_t s_lmm_constraint_t::get_variable_safe(lmm_element_t* elem, lmm_el
   }
   if (*elem) {
     // elem is not null, so we carry on
-    if (xbt_swag_belongs(*elem, &enabled_element_set)) {
+    if ((*elem)->enabled_element_set_hook.is_linked()) {
       // Look at enabled_element_set, and jump to disabled_element_set when finished
-      *nextelem = (lmm_element_t)xbt_swag_getNext(*elem, enabled_element_set.offset);
-      if (*nextelem == nullptr)
-        *nextelem = (lmm_element_t)xbt_swag_getFirst(&disabled_element_set);
+      auto iter = std::next(enabled_element_set_.iterator_to(**elem));
+      if (iter != std::end(enabled_element_set_))
+        *nextelem = &*iter;
+      else if (not disabled_element_set_.empty())
+        *nextelem = &disabled_element_set_.front();
+      else
+        *nextelem = nullptr;
     } else {
-      *nextelem = (lmm_element_t)xbt_swag_getNext(*elem, disabled_element_set.offset);
+      auto iter = std::next(disabled_element_set_.iterator_to(**elem));
+      *nextelem = iter != std::end(disabled_element_set_) ? &*iter : nullptr;
     }
     return (*elem)->variable;
   } else
@@ -421,171 +401,147 @@ static inline void saturated_constraints_update(double usage, int cnst_light_num
   }
 }
 
-static inline void saturated_variable_set_update(s_lmm_constraint_light_t* cnst_light_tab,
-                                                 const dyn_light_t& saturated_constraints, lmm_system_t sys)
+static inline void saturated_variable_set_update(ConstraintLight* cnst_light_tab,
+                                                 const dyn_light_t& saturated_constraints, System* sys)
 {
   /* Add active variables (i.e. variables that need to be set) from the set of constraints to saturate
    * (cnst_light_tab)*/
   for (int const& saturated_cnst : saturated_constraints) {
-    lmm_constraint_light_t cnst = &cnst_light_tab[saturated_cnst];
-    void* _elem;
-    xbt_swag_t elem_list = &(cnst->cnst->active_element_set);
-    xbt_swag_foreach(_elem, elem_list)
-    {
-      lmm_element_t elem = (lmm_element_t)_elem;
-      // Visiting active_element_set, so, by construction, should never get a zero weight, correct?
-      xbt_assert(elem->variable->sharing_weight > 0);
-      if (elem->consumption_weight > 0)
-        xbt_swag_insert(elem->variable, &(sys->saturated_variable_set));
+    ConstraintLight& cnst = cnst_light_tab[saturated_cnst];
+    for (Element const& elem : cnst.cnst->active_element_set_) {
+      xbt_assert(elem.variable->sharing_penalty_ > 0); // All elements of active_element_set should be active
+      if (elem.consumption_weight > 0 && not elem.variable->saturated_variable_set_hook_.is_linked())
+        sys->saturated_variable_set.push_back(*elem.variable);
     }
   }
 }
 
-static void format_lmm_element_swag(xbt_swag_t elem_list, int sharing_policy, double& sum, std::string& buf)
+template <class ElemList>
+static void format_element_list(const ElemList& elem_list, s4u::Link::SharingPolicy sharing_policy, double& sum,
+                                std::string& buf)
 {
-  void* _elem;
-  xbt_swag_foreach(_elem, elem_list)
-  {
-    lmm_element_t elem = (lmm_element_t)_elem;
-    buf += std::to_string(elem->consumption_weight) + ".'" + std::to_string(elem->variable->id_int) + "'(" +
-           std::to_string(elem->variable->value) + ")" + (sharing_policy ? " + " : " , ");
-    if (sharing_policy)
-      sum += elem->consumption_weight * elem->variable->value;
+  for (Element const& elem : elem_list) {
+    buf += std::to_string(elem.consumption_weight) + ".'" + std::to_string(elem.variable->rank_) + "'(" +
+           std::to_string(elem.variable->value_) + ")" +
+           (sharing_policy != s4u::Link::SharingPolicy::FATPIPE ? " + " : " , ");
+    if (sharing_policy != s4u::Link::SharingPolicy::FATPIPE)
+      sum += elem.consumption_weight * elem.variable->value_;
     else
-      sum = std::max(sum, elem->consumption_weight * elem->variable->value);
+      sum = std::max(sum, elem.consumption_weight * elem.variable->value_);
   }
 }
 
-void s_lmm_system_t::print()
+void System::print() const
 {
   std::string buf = std::string("MAX-MIN ( ");
-  void* _var;
 
   /* Printing Objective */
-  xbt_swag_t var_list = &variable_set;
-  xbt_swag_foreach(_var, var_list)
-  {
-    lmm_variable_t var = (lmm_variable_t)_var;
-    buf                = buf + "'" + std::to_string(var->id_int) + "'(" + std::to_string(var->sharing_weight) + ") ";
-  }
+  for (Variable const& var : variable_set)
+    buf += "'" + std::to_string(var.rank_) + "'(" + std::to_string(var.sharing_penalty_) + ") ";
   buf += ")";
   XBT_DEBUG("%20s", buf.c_str());
   buf.clear();
 
   XBT_DEBUG("Constraints");
   /* Printing Constraints */
-  void* _cnst;
-  xbt_swag_t cnst_list = &active_constraint_set;
-  xbt_swag_foreach(_cnst, cnst_list)
-  {
-    lmm_constraint_t cnst = (lmm_constraint_t)_cnst;
+  for (Constraint const& cnst : active_constraint_set) {
     double sum            = 0.0;
     // Show  the enabled variables
     buf += "\t";
-    buf += ((cnst->sharing_policy) ? "(" : "max(");
-    format_lmm_element_swag(&cnst->enabled_element_set, cnst->sharing_policy, sum, buf);
+    buf += cnst.sharing_policy_ != s4u::Link::SharingPolicy::FATPIPE ? "(" : "max(";
+    format_element_list(cnst.enabled_element_set_, cnst.sharing_policy_, sum, buf);
     // TODO: Adding disabled elements only for test compatibility, but do we really want them to be printed?
-    format_lmm_element_swag(&cnst->disabled_element_set, cnst->sharing_policy, sum, buf);
+    format_element_list(cnst.disabled_element_set_, cnst.sharing_policy_, sum, buf);
 
-    buf = buf + "0) <= " + std::to_string(cnst->bound) + " ('" + std::to_string(cnst->id_int) + "')";
+    buf += "0) <= " + std::to_string(cnst.bound_) + " ('" + std::to_string(cnst.rank_) + "')";
 
-    if (not cnst->sharing_policy) {
+    if (cnst.sharing_policy_ == s4u::Link::SharingPolicy::FATPIPE) {
       buf += " [MAX-Constraint]";
     }
     XBT_DEBUG("%s", buf.c_str());
     buf.clear();
-    xbt_assert(not double_positive(sum - cnst->bound, cnst->bound * sg_maxmin_precision),
-               "Incorrect value (%f is not smaller than %f): %g", sum, cnst->bound, sum - cnst->bound);
+    xbt_assert(not double_positive(sum - cnst.bound_, cnst.bound_ * sg_maxmin_precision),
+               "Incorrect value (%f is not smaller than %f): %g", sum, cnst.bound_, sum - cnst.bound_);
   }
 
   XBT_DEBUG("Variables");
   /* Printing Result */
-  xbt_swag_foreach(_var, var_list)
-  {
-    lmm_variable_t var = (lmm_variable_t)_var;
-    if (var->bound > 0) {
-      XBT_DEBUG("'%d'(%f) : %f (<=%f)", var->id_int, var->sharing_weight, var->value, var->bound);
-      xbt_assert(not double_positive(var->value - var->bound, var->bound * sg_maxmin_precision),
-                 "Incorrect value (%f is not smaller than %f", var->value, var->bound);
+  for (Variable const& var : variable_set) {
+    if (var.bound_ > 0) {
+      XBT_DEBUG("'%d'(%f) : %f (<=%f)", var.rank_, var.sharing_penalty_, var.value_, var.bound_);
+      xbt_assert(not double_positive(var.value_ - var.bound_, var.bound_ * sg_maxmin_precision),
+                 "Incorrect value (%f is not smaller than %f", var.value_, var.bound_);
     } else {
-      XBT_DEBUG("'%d'(%f) : %f", var->id_int, var->sharing_weight, var->value);
+      XBT_DEBUG("'%d'(%f) : %f", var.rank_, var.sharing_penalty_, var.value_);
     }
   }
 }
 
-void s_lmm_system_t::solve()
+void System::lmm_solve()
+{
+  if (modified_) {
+    XBT_IN("(sys=%p)", this);
+    /* Compute Usage and store the variables that reach the maximum. If selective_update_active is true, only
+     * constraints that changed are considered. Otherwise all constraints with active actions are considered.
+     */
+    if (selective_update_active)
+      lmm_solve(modified_constraint_set);
+    else
+      lmm_solve(active_constraint_set);
+    XBT_OUT();
+  }
+}
+
+template <class CnstList> void System::lmm_solve(CnstList& cnst_list)
 {
-  void* _cnst;
-  void* _cnst_next;
-  void* _elem;
   double min_usage = -1;
   double min_bound = -1;
 
-  if (not modified)
-    return;
-
-  XBT_IN("(sys=%p)", this);
-
-  /* Compute Usage and store the variables that reach the maximum. If selective_update_active is true, only constraints
-   * that changed are considered. Otherwise all constraints with active actions are considered.
-   */
-  xbt_swag_t cnst_list = selective_update_active ? &modified_constraint_set : &active_constraint_set;
-
-  XBT_DEBUG("Active constraints : %d", xbt_swag_size(cnst_list));
+  XBT_DEBUG("Active constraints : %zu", cnst_list.size());
   /* Init: Only modified code portions: reset the value of active variables */
-  xbt_swag_foreach(_cnst, cnst_list)
-  {
-    lmm_constraint_t cnst = (lmm_constraint_t)_cnst;
-    xbt_swag_t elem_list  = &(cnst->enabled_element_set);
-    xbt_swag_foreach(_elem, elem_list)
-    {
-      lmm_variable_t var = ((lmm_element_t)_elem)->variable;
-      xbt_assert(var->sharing_weight > 0.0);
-      var->value = 0.0;
+  for (Constraint const& cnst : cnst_list) {
+    for (Element const& elem : cnst.enabled_element_set_) {
+      xbt_assert(elem.variable->sharing_penalty_ > 0.0);
+      elem.variable->value_ = 0.0;
     }
   }
 
-  s_lmm_constraint_light_t* cnst_light_tab = new s_lmm_constraint_light_t[xbt_swag_size(cnst_list)]();
-  int cnst_light_num                       = 0;
+  ConstraintLight* cnst_light_tab = new ConstraintLight[cnst_list.size()]();
+  int cnst_light_num              = 0;
   dyn_light_t saturated_constraints;
 
-  xbt_swag_foreach_safe(_cnst, _cnst_next, cnst_list)
-  {
-    lmm_constraint_t cnst = (lmm_constraint_t)_cnst;
+  for (Constraint& cnst : cnst_list) {
     /* INIT: Collect constraints that actually need to be saturated (i.e remaining  and usage are strictly positive)
      * into cnst_light_tab. */
-    cnst->remaining = cnst->bound;
-    if (not double_positive(cnst->remaining, cnst->bound * sg_maxmin_precision))
+    cnst.remaining_ = cnst.bound_;
+    if (not double_positive(cnst.remaining_, cnst.bound_ * sg_maxmin_precision))
       continue;
-    cnst->usage          = 0;
-    xbt_swag_t elem_list = &(cnst->enabled_element_set);
-    xbt_swag_foreach(_elem, elem_list)
-    {
-      lmm_element_t elem = (lmm_element_t)_elem;
-      xbt_assert(elem->variable->sharing_weight > 0);
-      if (elem->consumption_weight > 0) {
-        if (cnst->sharing_policy)
-          cnst->usage += elem->consumption_weight / elem->variable->sharing_weight;
-        else if (cnst->usage < elem->consumption_weight / elem->variable->sharing_weight)
-          cnst->usage = elem->consumption_weight / elem->variable->sharing_weight;
-
-        elem->make_active();
-        simgrid::surf::Action* action = static_cast<simgrid::surf::Action*>(elem->variable->id);
-        if (keep_track && not action->is_linked())
-          keep_track->push_back(*action);
+    cnst.usage_ = 0;
+    for (Element& elem : cnst.enabled_element_set_) {
+      xbt_assert(elem.variable->sharing_penalty_ > 0);
+      if (elem.consumption_weight > 0) {
+        if (cnst.sharing_policy_ != s4u::Link::SharingPolicy::FATPIPE)
+          cnst.usage_ += elem.consumption_weight / elem.variable->sharing_penalty_;
+        else if (cnst.usage_ < elem.consumption_weight / elem.variable->sharing_penalty_)
+          cnst.usage_ = elem.consumption_weight / elem.variable->sharing_penalty_;
+
+        elem.make_active();
+        resource::Action* action = static_cast<resource::Action*>(elem.variable->id_);
+        if (modified_set_ && not action->is_within_modified_set())
+          modified_set_->push_back(*action);
       }
     }
-    XBT_DEBUG("Constraint '%d' usage: %f remaining: %f concurrency: %i<=%i<=%i", cnst->id_int, cnst->usage,
-              cnst->remaining, cnst->concurrency_current, cnst->concurrency_maximum, cnst->get_concurrency_limit());
+    XBT_DEBUG("Constraint '%d' usage: %f remaining: %f concurrency: %i<=%i<=%i", cnst.rank_, cnst.usage_,
+              cnst.remaining_, cnst.concurrency_current_, cnst.concurrency_maximum_, cnst.get_concurrency_limit());
     /* Saturated constraints update */
 
-    if (cnst->usage > 0) {
-      cnst_light_tab[cnst_light_num].cnst                 = cnst;
-      cnst->cnst_light                                    = &(cnst_light_tab[cnst_light_num]);
-      cnst_light_tab[cnst_light_num].remaining_over_usage = cnst->remaining / cnst->usage;
+    if (cnst.usage_ > 0) {
+      cnst_light_tab[cnst_light_num].cnst                 = &cnst;
+      cnst.cnst_light_                                    = &cnst_light_tab[cnst_light_num];
+      cnst_light_tab[cnst_light_num].remaining_over_usage = cnst.remaining_ / cnst.usage_;
       saturated_constraints_update(cnst_light_tab[cnst_light_num].remaining_over_usage, cnst_light_num,
                                    saturated_constraints, &min_usage);
-      xbt_assert(cnst->active_element_set.count > 0,
+      xbt_assert(not cnst.active_element_set_.empty(),
                  "There is no sense adding a constraint that has no active element!");
       cnst_light_num++;
     }
@@ -596,107 +552,101 @@ void s_lmm_system_t::solve()
   /* Saturated variables update */
   do {
     /* Fix the variables that have to be */
-    xbt_swag_t var_list = &saturated_variable_set;
-    void* _var;
-    lmm_variable_t var = nullptr;
-    xbt_swag_foreach(_var, var_list)
-    {
-      var = (lmm_variable_t)_var;
-      if (var->sharing_weight <= 0.0)
+    auto& var_list = saturated_variable_set;
+    for (Variable const& var : var_list) {
+      if (var.sharing_penalty_ <= 0.0)
         DIE_IMPOSSIBLE;
       /* First check if some of these variables could reach their upper bound and update min_bound accordingly. */
-      XBT_DEBUG("var=%d, var->bound=%f, var->weight=%f, min_usage=%f, var->bound*var->weight=%f", var->id_int,
-                var->bound, var->sharing_weight, min_usage, var->bound * var->sharing_weight);
-      if ((var->bound > 0) && (var->bound * var->sharing_weight < min_usage)) {
+      XBT_DEBUG("var=%d, var.bound=%f, var.penalty=%f, min_usage=%f, var.bound*var.penalty=%f", var.rank_, var.bound_,
+                var.sharing_penalty_, min_usage, var.bound_ * var.sharing_penalty_);
+      if ((var.bound_ > 0) && (var.bound_ * var.sharing_penalty_ < min_usage)) {
         if (min_bound < 0)
-          min_bound = var->bound * var->sharing_weight;
+          min_bound = var.bound_ * var.sharing_penalty_;
         else
-          min_bound = std::min(min_bound, (var->bound * var->sharing_weight));
+          min_bound = std::min(min_bound, (var.bound_ * var.sharing_penalty_));
         XBT_DEBUG("Updated min_bound=%f", min_bound);
       }
     }
 
-    while ((var = (lmm_variable_t)xbt_swag_getFirst(var_list))) {
+    while (not var_list.empty()) {
+      Variable& var = var_list.front();
       if (min_bound < 0) {
         // If no variable could reach its bound, deal iteratively the constraints usage ( at worst one constraint is
         // saturated at each cycle)
-        var->value = min_usage / var->sharing_weight;
-        XBT_DEBUG("Setting var (%d) value to %f\n", var->id_int, var->value);
+        var.value_ = min_usage / var.sharing_penalty_;
+        XBT_DEBUG("Setting var (%d) value to %f\n", var.rank_, var.value_);
       } else {
         // If there exist a variable that can reach its bound, only update it (and other with the same bound) for now.
-        if (double_equals(min_bound, var->bound * var->sharing_weight, sg_maxmin_precision)) {
-          var->value = var->bound;
-          XBT_DEBUG("Setting %p (%d) value to %f\n", var, var->id_int, var->value);
+        if (double_equals(min_bound, var.bound_ * var.sharing_penalty_, sg_maxmin_precision)) {
+          var.value_ = var.bound_;
+          XBT_DEBUG("Setting %p (%d) value to %f\n", &var, var.rank_, var.value_);
         } else {
           // Variables which bound is different are not considered for this cycle, but they will be afterwards.
-          XBT_DEBUG("Do not consider %p (%d) \n", var, var->id_int);
-          xbt_swag_remove(var, var_list);
+          XBT_DEBUG("Do not consider %p (%d) \n", &var, var.rank_);
+          var_list.pop_front();
           continue;
         }
       }
-      XBT_DEBUG("Min usage: %f, Var(%d)->weight: %f, Var(%d)->value: %f ", min_usage, var->id_int, var->sharing_weight,
-                var->id_int, var->value);
+      XBT_DEBUG("Min usage: %f, Var(%d).penalty: %f, Var(%d).value: %f ", min_usage, var.rank_, var.sharing_penalty_,
+                var.rank_, var.value_);
 
       /* Update the usage of contraints where this variable is involved */
-      for (s_lmm_element_t& elem : var->cnsts) {
-        lmm_constraint_t cnst = elem.constraint;
-        if (cnst->sharing_policy) {
-          // Remember: shared constraints require that sum(elem.value * var->value) < cnst->bound
-          double_update(&(cnst->remaining), elem.consumption_weight * var->value, cnst->bound * sg_maxmin_precision);
-          double_update(&(cnst->usage), elem.consumption_weight / var->sharing_weight, sg_maxmin_precision);
+      for (Element& elem : var.cnsts_) {
+        Constraint* cnst = elem.constraint;
+        if (cnst->sharing_policy_ != s4u::Link::SharingPolicy::FATPIPE) {
+          // Remember: shared constraints require that sum(elem.value * var.value) < cnst->bound
+          double_update(&(cnst->remaining_), elem.consumption_weight * var.value_, cnst->bound_ * sg_maxmin_precision);
+          double_update(&(cnst->usage_), elem.consumption_weight / var.sharing_penalty_, sg_maxmin_precision);
           // If the constraint is saturated, remove it from the set of active constraints (light_tab)
-          if (not double_positive(cnst->usage, sg_maxmin_precision) ||
-              not double_positive(cnst->remaining, cnst->bound * sg_maxmin_precision)) {
-            if (cnst->cnst_light) {
-              int index = (cnst->cnst_light - cnst_light_tab);
+          if (not double_positive(cnst->usage_, sg_maxmin_precision) ||
+              not double_positive(cnst->remaining_, cnst->bound_ * sg_maxmin_precision)) {
+            if (cnst->cnst_light_) {
+              int index = (cnst->cnst_light_ - cnst_light_tab);
               XBT_DEBUG("index: %d \t cnst_light_num: %d \t || usage: %f remaining: %f bound: %f  ", index,
-                        cnst_light_num, cnst->usage, cnst->remaining, cnst->bound);
+                        cnst_light_num, cnst->usage_, cnst->remaining_, cnst->bound_);
               cnst_light_tab[index]                  = cnst_light_tab[cnst_light_num - 1];
-              cnst_light_tab[index].cnst->cnst_light = &cnst_light_tab[index];
+              cnst_light_tab[index].cnst->cnst_light_ = &cnst_light_tab[index];
               cnst_light_num--;
-              cnst->cnst_light = nullptr;
+              cnst->cnst_light_ = nullptr;
             }
           } else {
-            cnst->cnst_light->remaining_over_usage = cnst->remaining / cnst->usage;
+            cnst->cnst_light_->remaining_over_usage = cnst->remaining_ / cnst->usage_;
           }
           elem.make_inactive();
         } else {
-          // Remember: non-shared constraints only require that max(elem.value * var->value) < cnst->bound
-          cnst->usage = 0.0;
+          // Remember: non-shared constraints only require that max(elem.value * var.value) < cnst->bound
+          cnst->usage_ = 0.0;
           elem.make_inactive();
-          xbt_swag_t elem_list = &(cnst->enabled_element_set);
-          xbt_swag_foreach(_elem, elem_list)
-          {
-            lmm_element_t elem2 = static_cast<lmm_element_t>(_elem);
-            xbt_assert(elem2->variable->sharing_weight > 0);
-            if (elem2->variable->value > 0)
+          for (Element& elem2 : cnst->enabled_element_set_) {
+            xbt_assert(elem2.variable->sharing_penalty_ > 0);
+            if (elem2.variable->value_ > 0)
               continue;
-            if (elem2->consumption_weight > 0)
-              cnst->usage = std::max(cnst->usage, elem2->consumption_weight / elem2->variable->sharing_weight);
+            if (elem2.consumption_weight > 0)
+              cnst->usage_ = std::max(cnst->usage_, elem2.consumption_weight / elem2.variable->sharing_penalty_);
           }
           // If the constraint is saturated, remove it from the set of active constraints (light_tab)
-          if (not double_positive(cnst->usage, sg_maxmin_precision) ||
-              not double_positive(cnst->remaining, cnst->bound * sg_maxmin_precision)) {
-            if (cnst->cnst_light) {
-              int index = (cnst->cnst_light - cnst_light_tab);
+          if (not double_positive(cnst->usage_, sg_maxmin_precision) ||
+              not double_positive(cnst->remaining_, cnst->bound_ * sg_maxmin_precision)) {
+            if (cnst->cnst_light_) {
+              int index = (cnst->cnst_light_ - cnst_light_tab);
               XBT_DEBUG("index: %d \t cnst_light_num: %d \t || \t cnst: %p \t cnst->cnst_light: %p "
                         "\t cnst_light_tab: %p usage: %f remaining: %f bound: %f  ",
-                        index, cnst_light_num, cnst, cnst->cnst_light, cnst_light_tab, cnst->usage, cnst->remaining,
-                        cnst->bound);
+                        index, cnst_light_num, cnst, cnst->cnst_light_, cnst_light_tab, cnst->usage_, cnst->remaining_,
+                        cnst->bound_);
               cnst_light_tab[index]                  = cnst_light_tab[cnst_light_num - 1];
-              cnst_light_tab[index].cnst->cnst_light = &cnst_light_tab[index];
+              cnst_light_tab[index].cnst->cnst_light_ = &cnst_light_tab[index];
               cnst_light_num--;
-              cnst->cnst_light = nullptr;
+              cnst->cnst_light_ = nullptr;
             }
           } else {
-            cnst->cnst_light->remaining_over_usage = cnst->remaining / cnst->usage;
-            xbt_assert(cnst->active_element_set.count > 0,
+            cnst->cnst_light_->remaining_over_usage = cnst->remaining_ / cnst->usage_;
+            xbt_assert(not cnst->active_element_set_.empty(),
                        "Should not keep a maximum constraint that has no active"
                        " element! You want to check the maxmin precision and possible rounding effects.");
           }
         }
       }
-      xbt_swag_remove(var, var_list);
+      var_list.pop_front();
     }
 
     /* Find out which variables reach the maximum */
@@ -705,12 +655,12 @@ void s_lmm_system_t::solve()
     saturated_constraints.clear();
     int pos;
     for (pos = 0; pos < cnst_light_num; pos++) {
-      xbt_assert(cnst_light_tab[pos].cnst->active_element_set.count > 0,
+      xbt_assert(not cnst_light_tab[pos].cnst->active_element_set_.empty(),
                  "Cannot saturate more a constraint that has"
                  " no active element! You may want to change the maxmin precision (--cfg=maxmin/precision:<new_value>)"
                  " because of possible rounding effects.\n\tFor the record, the usage of this constraint is %g while "
                  "the maxmin precision to which it is compared is %g.\n\tThe usage of the previous constraint is %g.",
-                 cnst_light_tab[pos].cnst->usage, sg_maxmin_precision, cnst_light_tab[pos - 1].cnst->usage);
+                 cnst_light_tab[pos].cnst->usage_, sg_maxmin_precision, cnst_light_tab[pos - 1].cnst->usage_);
       saturated_constraints_update(cnst_light_tab[pos].remaining_over_usage, pos, saturated_constraints, &min_usage);
     }
 
@@ -718,7 +668,7 @@ void s_lmm_system_t::solve()
 
   } while (cnst_light_num > 0);
 
-  modified = false;
+  modified_ = false;
   if (selective_update_active)
     remove_all_modified_set();
 
@@ -729,60 +679,47 @@ void s_lmm_system_t::solve()
   check_concurrency();
 
   delete[] cnst_light_tab;
-  XBT_OUT();
 }
 
-void lmm_solve(lmm_system_t sys)
-{
-  sys->solve();
-}
-
-/** \brief Attribute the value bound to var->bound.
+/** @brief Attribute the value bound to var->bound.
  *
- *  \param sys the lmm_system_t
- *  \param var the lmm_variable_t
- *  \param bound the new bound to associate with var
+ *  @param var the Variable*
+ *  @param bound the new bound to associate with var
  *
  *  Makes var->bound equal to bound. Whenever this function is called a change is  signed in the system. To
  *  avoid false system changing detection it is a good idea to test (bound != 0) before calling it.
  */
-void s_lmm_system_t::update_variable_bound(lmm_variable_t var, double bound)
+void System::update_variable_bound(Variable* var, double bound)
 {
-  modified   = true;
-  var->bound = bound;
+  modified_  = true;
+  var->bound_ = bound;
 
-  if (not var->cnsts.empty())
-    update_modified_set(var->cnsts[0].constraint);
+  if (not var->cnsts_.empty())
+    update_modified_set(var->cnsts_[0].constraint);
 }
 
-void s_lmm_variable_t::initialize(simgrid::surf::Action* id_value, double sharing_weight_value, double bound_value,
-                                  int number_of_constraints, unsigned visited_value)
+void Variable::initialize(resource::Action* id_value, double sharing_penalty, double bound_value,
+                          int number_of_constraints, unsigned visited_value)
 {
-  id     = id_value;
-  id_int = Global_debug_id++;
-  cnsts.reserve(number_of_constraints);
-  sharing_weight    = sharing_weight_value;
-  staged_weight     = 0.0;
-  bound             = bound_value;
-  concurrency_share = 1;
-  value             = 0.0;
-  visited           = visited_value;
-  mu                = 0.0;
-  new_mu            = 0.0;
-  func_f            = func_f_def;
-  func_fp           = func_fp_def;
-  func_fpi          = func_fpi_def;
-
-  variable_set_hookup.next           = nullptr;
-  variable_set_hookup.prev           = nullptr;
-  saturated_variable_set_hookup.next = nullptr;
-  saturated_variable_set_hookup.prev = nullptr;
+  id_     = id_value;
+  rank_   = next_rank_++;
+  cnsts_.reserve(number_of_constraints);
+  sharing_penalty_   = sharing_penalty;
+  staged_penalty_    = 0.0;
+  bound_             = bound_value;
+  concurrency_share_ = 1;
+  value_             = 0.0;
+  visited_           = visited_value;
+  mu_                = 0.0;
+
+  xbt_assert(not variable_set_hook_.is_linked());
+  xbt_assert(not saturated_variable_set_hook_.is_linked());
 }
 
-int s_lmm_variable_t::get_min_concurrency_slack() const
+int Variable::get_min_concurrency_slack() const
 {
   int minslack = std::numeric_limits<int>::max();
-  for (s_lmm_element_t const& elem : cnsts) {
+  for (Element const& elem : cnsts_) {
     int slack = elem.constraint->get_concurrency_slack();
     if (slack < minslack) {
       // This is only an optimization, to avoid looking at more constraints when slack is already zero
@@ -794,91 +731,96 @@ int s_lmm_variable_t::get_min_concurrency_slack() const
   return minslack;
 }
 
-// Small remark: In this implementation of lmm_enable_var and lmm_disable_var, we will meet multiple times with var when
-// running sys->update_modified_set.
-// A priori not a big performance issue, but we might do better by calling sys->update_modified_set within the for loops
-// (after doing the first for enabling==1, and before doing the last for disabling==1)
-void s_lmm_system_t::enable_var(lmm_variable_t var)
+// Small remark: In this implementation of System::enable_var() and System::disable_var(), we will meet multiple times
+// with var when running System::update_modified_set().
+// A priori not a big performance issue, but we might do better by calling System::update_modified_set() within the for
+// loops (after doing the first for enabling==1, and before doing the last for disabling==1)
+void System::enable_var(Variable* var)
 {
   xbt_assert(not XBT_LOG_ISENABLED(surf_maxmin, xbt_log_priority_debug) || var->can_enable());
 
-  var->sharing_weight = var->staged_weight;
-  var->staged_weight  = 0;
+  var->sharing_penalty_ = var->staged_penalty_;
+  var->staged_penalty_  = 0;
 
-  // Enabling the variable, move to var to list head. Subtlety is: here, we need to call update_modified_set AFTER
+  // Enabling the variable, move var to list head. Subtlety is: here, we need to call update_modified_set AFTER
   // moving at least one element of var.
 
-  xbt_swag_remove(var, &variable_set);
-  xbt_swag_insert_at_head(var, &variable_set);
-  for (s_lmm_element_t& elem : var->cnsts) {
-    xbt_swag_remove(&elem, &(elem.constraint->disabled_element_set));
-    xbt_swag_insert_at_head(&elem, &(elem.constraint->enabled_element_set));
+  simgrid::xbt::intrusive_erase(variable_set, *var);
+  variable_set.push_front(*var);
+  for (Element& elem : var->cnsts_) {
+    simgrid::xbt::intrusive_erase(elem.constraint->disabled_element_set_, elem);
+    elem.constraint->enabled_element_set_.push_front(elem);
     elem.increase_concurrency();
   }
-  if (not var->cnsts.empty())
-    update_modified_set(var->cnsts[0].constraint);
+  if (not var->cnsts_.empty())
+    update_modified_set(var->cnsts_[0].constraint);
 
   // When used within on_disabled_var, we would get an assertion fail, because transiently there can be variables
   // that are staged and could be activated.
   // Anyway, caller functions all call check_concurrency() in the end.
 }
 
-void s_lmm_system_t::disable_var(lmm_variable_t var)
+void System::disable_var(Variable* var)
 {
-  xbt_assert(not var->staged_weight, "Staged weight should have been cleared");
+  xbt_assert(not var->staged_penalty_, "Staged penalty should have been cleared");
   // Disabling the variable, move to var to list tail. Subtlety is: here, we need to call update_modified_set
   // BEFORE moving the last element of var.
-  xbt_swag_remove(var, &variable_set);
-  xbt_swag_insert_at_tail(var, &variable_set);
-  if (not var->cnsts.empty())
-    update_modified_set(var->cnsts[0].constraint);
-  for (s_lmm_element_t& elem : var->cnsts) {
-    xbt_swag_remove(&elem, &(elem.constraint->enabled_element_set));
-    xbt_swag_insert_at_tail(&elem, &(elem.constraint->disabled_element_set));
-
-    xbt_swag_remove(&elem, &(elem.constraint->active_element_set));
-
+  simgrid::xbt::intrusive_erase(variable_set, *var);
+  variable_set.push_back(*var);
+  if (not var->cnsts_.empty())
+    update_modified_set(var->cnsts_[0].constraint);
+  for (Element& elem : var->cnsts_) {
+    simgrid::xbt::intrusive_erase(elem.constraint->enabled_element_set_, elem);
+    elem.constraint->disabled_element_set_.push_back(elem);
+    if (elem.active_element_set_hook.is_linked())
+      simgrid::xbt::intrusive_erase(elem.constraint->active_element_set_, elem);
     elem.decrease_concurrency();
   }
 
-  var->sharing_weight = 0.0;
-  var->staged_weight  = 0.0;
-  var->value          = 0.0;
+  var->sharing_penalty_ = 0.0;
+  var->staged_penalty_  = 0.0;
+  var->value_          = 0.0;
   check_concurrency();
 }
 
 /* /brief Find variables that can be enabled and enable them.
  *
- * Assuming that the variable has already been removed from non-zero weights
+ * Assuming that the variable has already been removed from non-zero penalties
  * Can we find a staged variable to add?
  * If yes, check that none of the constraints that this variable is involved in is at the limit of its concurrency
  * And then add it to enabled variables
  */
-void s_lmm_system_t::on_disabled_var(lmm_constraint_t cnstr)
+void System::on_disabled_var(Constraint* cnstr)
 {
   if (cnstr->get_concurrency_limit() < 0)
     return;
 
-  int numelem = xbt_swag_size(&(cnstr->disabled_element_set));
+  int numelem = cnstr->disabled_element_set_.size();
   if (not numelem)
     return;
 
-  lmm_element_t elem = (lmm_element_t)xbt_swag_getFirst(&(cnstr->disabled_element_set));
+  Element* elem = &cnstr->disabled_element_set_.front();
 
-  // Cannot use xbt_swag_foreach, because lmm_enable_var will modify disabled_element_set.. within the loop
+  // Cannot use foreach loop, because System::enable_var() will modify disabled_element_set.. within the loop
   while (numelem-- && elem) {
 
-    lmm_element_t nextelem = (lmm_element_t)xbt_swag_getNext(elem, cnstr->disabled_element_set.offset);
+    Element* nextelem;
+    if (elem->disabled_element_set_hook.is_linked()) {
+      auto iter = std::next(cnstr->disabled_element_set_.iterator_to(*elem));
+      nextelem  = iter != std::end(cnstr->disabled_element_set_) ? &*iter : nullptr;
+    } else {
+      nextelem = nullptr;
+    }
 
-    if (elem->variable->staged_weight > 0 && elem->variable->can_enable()) {
+    if (elem->variable->staged_penalty_ > 0 && elem->variable->can_enable()) {
       // Found a staged variable
       // TODOLATER: Add random timing function to model reservation protocol fuzziness? Then how to make sure that
       // staged variables will eventually be called?
       enable_var(elem->variable);
     }
 
-    xbt_assert(cnstr->concurrency_current <= cnstr->get_concurrency_limit(), "Concurrency overflow!");
-    if (cnstr->concurrency_current == cnstr->get_concurrency_limit())
+    xbt_assert(cnstr->concurrency_current_ <= cnstr->get_concurrency_limit(), "Concurrency overflow!");
+    if (cnstr->concurrency_current_ == cnstr->get_concurrency_limit())
       break;
 
     elem = nextelem;
@@ -889,40 +831,37 @@ void s_lmm_system_t::on_disabled_var(lmm_constraint_t cnstr)
   // Anyway, caller functions all call check_concurrency() in the end.
 }
 
-/* \brief update the weight of a variable, and enable/disable it.
- * @return Returns whether a change was made
- */
-void s_lmm_system_t::update_variable_weight(lmm_variable_t var, double weight)
+/** @brief update the penalty of a variable (disable it by passing 0 as a penalty) */
+void System::update_variable_penalty(Variable* var, double penalty)
 {
-  xbt_assert(weight >= 0, "Variable weight should not be negative!");
+  xbt_assert(penalty >= 0, "Variable penalty should not be negative!");
 
-  if (weight == var->sharing_weight)
+  if (penalty == var->sharing_penalty_)
     return;
 
-  int enabling_var  = (weight > 0 && var->sharing_weight <= 0);
-  int disabling_var = (weight <= 0 && var->sharing_weight > 0);
+  int enabling_var  = (penalty > 0 && var->sharing_penalty_ <= 0);
+  int disabling_var = (penalty <= 0 && var->sharing_penalty_ > 0);
 
-  XBT_IN("(sys=%p, var=%p, weight=%f)", this, var, weight);
+  XBT_IN("(sys=%p, var=%p, penalty=%f)", this, var, penalty);
 
-  modified = true;
+  modified_ = true;
 
   // Are we enabling this variable?
   if (enabling_var) {
-    var->staged_weight = weight;
+    var->staged_penalty_ = penalty;
     int minslack       = var->get_min_concurrency_slack();
-    if (minslack < var->concurrency_share) {
-      XBT_DEBUG("Staging var (instead of enabling) because min concurrency slack %i, with weight %f and concurrency"
+    if (minslack < var->concurrency_share_) {
+      XBT_DEBUG("Staging var (instead of enabling) because min concurrency slack %i, with penalty %f and concurrency"
                 " share %i",
-                minslack, weight, var->concurrency_share);
+                minslack, penalty, var->concurrency_share_);
       return;
     }
     XBT_DEBUG("Enabling var with min concurrency slack %i", minslack);
     enable_var(var);
   } else if (disabling_var) {
-    // Are we disabling this variable?
     disable_var(var);
   } else {
-    var->sharing_weight = weight;
+    var->sharing_penalty_ = penalty;
   }
 
   check_concurrency();
@@ -930,109 +869,90 @@ void s_lmm_system_t::update_variable_weight(lmm_variable_t var, double weight)
   XBT_OUT();
 }
 
-void s_lmm_system_t::update_constraint_bound(lmm_constraint_t cnst, double bound)
+void System::update_constraint_bound(Constraint* cnst, double bound)
 {
-  modified = true;
+  modified_ = true;
   update_modified_set(cnst);
-  cnst->bound = bound;
+  cnst->bound_ = bound;
 }
 
-/** \brief Update the constraint set propagating recursively to other constraints so the system should not be entirely
+/** @brief Update the constraint set propagating recursively to other constraints so the system should not be entirely
  *  computed.
  *
- *  \param sys the lmm_system_t
- *  \param cnst the lmm_constraint_t affected by the change
+ *  @param cnst the Constraint* affected by the change
  *
  *  A recursive algorithm to optimize the system recalculation selecting only constraints that have changed. Each
  *  constraint change is propagated to the list of constraints for each variable.
  */
-void s_lmm_system_t::update_modified_set_rec(lmm_constraint_t cnst)
+void System::update_modified_set_rec(Constraint* cnst)
 {
-  void* _elem;
-
-  xbt_swag_foreach(_elem, &cnst->enabled_element_set)
-  {
-    lmm_variable_t var = ((lmm_element_t)_elem)->variable;
-    for (s_lmm_element_t const& elem : var->cnsts) {
-      if (var->visited == visited_counter)
+  for (Element const& elem : cnst->enabled_element_set_) {
+    Variable* var = elem.variable;
+    for (Element const& elem2 : var->cnsts_) {
+      if (var->visited_ == visited_counter_)
         break;
-      if (elem.constraint != cnst && not xbt_swag_belongs(elem.constraint, &modified_constraint_set)) {
-        xbt_swag_insert(elem.constraint, &modified_constraint_set);
-        update_modified_set_rec(elem.constraint);
+      if (elem2.constraint != cnst && not elem2.constraint->modified_constraint_set_hook_.is_linked()) {
+        modified_constraint_set.push_back(*elem2.constraint);
+        update_modified_set_rec(elem2.constraint);
       }
     }
     // var will be ignored in later visits as long as sys->visited_counter does not move
-    var->visited = visited_counter;
+    var->visited_ = visited_counter_;
   }
 }
 
-void s_lmm_system_t::update_modified_set(lmm_constraint_t cnst)
+void System::update_modified_set(Constraint* cnst)
 {
   /* nothing to do if selective update isn't active */
-  if (selective_update_active && not xbt_swag_belongs(cnst, &modified_constraint_set)) {
-    xbt_swag_insert(cnst, &modified_constraint_set);
+  if (selective_update_active && not cnst->modified_constraint_set_hook_.is_linked()) {
+    modified_constraint_set.push_back(*cnst);
     update_modified_set_rec(cnst);
   }
 }
 
-void s_lmm_system_t::remove_all_modified_set()
+void System::remove_all_modified_set()
 {
   // We cleverly un-flag all variables just by incrementing visited_counter
   // In effect, the var->visited value will no more be equal to visited counter
   // To be clean, when visited counter has wrapped around, we force these var->visited values so that variables that
   // were in the modified a long long time ago are not wrongly skipped here, which would lead to very nasty bugs
   // (i.e. not readibily reproducible, and requiring a lot of run time before happening).
-  if (++visited_counter == 1) {
+  if (++visited_counter_ == 1) {
     /* the counter wrapped around, reset each variable->visited */
-    void* _var;
-    xbt_swag_foreach(_var, &variable_set)((lmm_variable_t)_var)->visited = 0;
+    for (Variable& var : variable_set)
+      var.visited_ = 0;
   }
-  xbt_swag_reset(&modified_constraint_set);
+  modified_constraint_set.clear();
 }
 
 /**
  * Returns resource load (in flop per second, or byte per second, or similar)
  *
- * If the resource is shared (the default case), the load is sum of resource usage made by every variables located on
- * this resource.
+ * If the resource is shared (the default case), the load is sum of resource usage made by
+ * every variables located on this resource.
  *
- * If the resource is not shared (ie in FATPIPE mode), then the load is the max (not the sum) of all resource usages
- * located on this resource.
- *
- * \param cnst the lmm_constraint_t associated to the resource
+ * If the resource is not shared (ie in FATPIPE mode), then the load is the max (not the sum)
+ * of all resource usages located on this resource.
  */
-double s_lmm_constraint_t::get_usage() const
+double Constraint::get_usage() const
 {
   double result              = 0.0;
-  const_xbt_swag_t elem_list = &enabled_element_set;
-  void* _elem;
-
-  xbt_swag_foreach(_elem, elem_list)
-  {
-    lmm_element_t elem = (lmm_element_t)_elem;
-    if (elem->consumption_weight > 0) {
-      if (sharing_policy)
-        result += elem->consumption_weight * elem->variable->value;
-      else if (result < elem->consumption_weight * elem->variable->value)
-        result = std::max(result, elem->consumption_weight * elem->variable->value);
-    }
+  if (sharing_policy_ != s4u::Link::SharingPolicy::FATPIPE) {
+    for (Element const& elem : enabled_element_set_)
+      if (elem.consumption_weight > 0)
+        result += elem.consumption_weight * elem.variable->value_;
+  } else {
+    for (Element const& elem : enabled_element_set_)
+      if (elem.consumption_weight > 0)
+        result = std::max(result, elem.consumption_weight * elem.variable->value_);
   }
   return result;
 }
 
-int s_lmm_constraint_t::get_variable_amount() const
+int Constraint::get_variable_amount() const
 {
-  int result                 = 0;
-  const_xbt_swag_t elem_list = &enabled_element_set;
-  void* _elem;
-
-  xbt_swag_foreach(_elem, elem_list)
-  {
-    lmm_element_t elem = (lmm_element_t)_elem;
-    if (elem->consumption_weight > 0)
-      result++;
-  }
-  return result;
+  return std::count_if(std::begin(enabled_element_set_), std::end(enabled_element_set_),
+                       [](const Element& elem) { return elem.consumption_weight > 0; });
 }
 }
 }