DataDescriptor API Describing the data In order to allow GRAS to send data over the network (or simply to dupplicate it in SG), you have to describe the structure of data attached with each message. This mecanism is stolen from NWS message passing interface. For each message, you have to declare a structure representing the data to send as payload with the message. Sending (or receiving) simple structures Let's imagin you want to declare a STORE_STATE message, which will send some data to the memory server for inclusion in the database. Here is the structure we want to send: struct state { char id[STATE_NAME_SIZE]; int rec_size; int rec_count; double seq_no; double time_out; }; And here is the structure description GRAS needs to be able to send this over the network: const static DataDescriptor stateDescriptor[] = {SIMPLE_MEMBER(CHAR_TYPE, STATE_NAME_SIZE, offsetof(struct state, id)), SIMPLE_MEMBER(INT_TYPE, 1, offsetof(struct state, rec_size)), SIMPLE_MEMBER(INT_TYPE, 1, offsetof(struct state, rec_count)), SIMPLE_MEMBER(DOUBLE_TYPE, 1, offsetof(struct state, seq_no)), SIMPLE_MEMBER(DOUBLE_TYPE, 1, offsetof(struct state, time_out))}; Contrary to what one could think when you first see it, it's pretty easy. A structure descriptor is a list of descriptions, describing each field of the structure. For example, for the first field, you say that the base type is CHAR_TYPE, that there is STATE_NAME_SIZE element of this type and that it's position in the structure is computed by offsetof(struct state, id). This leads to two remarks: it's impossible to send dynamic sized strings that way. It's a known limitation, but I think we can live with it. Yes, the offsetof(struct state, id) construction is C ANSI and is portable. Sending (or receiving) complex structure How to send non-flat structures, do you ask? It's not harder. Let's imagin you want to send the following structure: typedef struct { unsigned long address; unsigned long port; } CliqueMember; typedef struct { char name[MAX_CLIQUE_NAME_SIZE]; double whenGenerated; double instance; char skill[MAX_SKILL_SIZE]; char options[MAX_OPTIONS_SIZE]; double period; double timeOut; CliqueMember members[MAX_MEMBERS]; unsigned int count; unsigned int leader; } Clique; As you can see, this structure contains an array of another user defined structure. To be able to send struct Clique, you have to describe each structures that way: static const DataDescriptor cliqueMemberDescriptor[] = {SIMPLE_MEMBER(UNSIGNED_LONG_TYPE, 1, offsetof(CliqueMember, address)), SIMPLE_MEMBER(UNSIGNED_LONG_TYPE, 1, offsetof(CliqueMember, port))}; static const DataDescriptor cliqueDescriptor[] = {SIMPLE_MEMBER(CHAR_TYPE, MAX_CLIQUE_NAME_SIZE, offsetof(Clique, name)), SIMPLE_MEMBER(DOUBLE_TYPE, 1, offsetof(Clique, whenGenerated)), SIMPLE_MEMBER(DOUBLE_TYPE, 1, offsetof(Clique, instance)), SIMPLE_MEMBER(CHAR_TYPE, MAX_SKILL_SIZE, offsetof(Clique, skill)), SIMPLE_MEMBER(CHAR_TYPE, MAX_OPTIONS_SIZE, offsetof(Clique, options)), SIMPLE_MEMBER(DOUBLE_TYPE, 1, offsetof(Clique, period)), SIMPLE_MEMBER(DOUBLE_TYPE, 1, offsetof(Clique, timeOut)), {STRUCT_TYPE, MAX_MEMBERS, offsetof(Clique, members), (DataDescriptor *)&cliqueMemberDescriptor, cliqueMemberDescriptorLength, PAD_BYTES(CliqueMember, port, unsigned long, 1)}, SIMPLE_MEMBER(UNSIGNED_INT_TYPE, 1, offsetof(Clique, count)), SIMPLE_MEMBER(UNSIGNED_INT_TYPE, 1, offsetof(Clique, leader))}; So, even if less natural, it is possible to send structures containing structures with these tools. You can see that it's not only impossible to send dynamic-sized strings, it impossible to send dynamic-sized arrays. Here, MAX_MEMBERS is the maximum of members a clique can contain. In NWS, this value is defined to 100. I'm not sure, but I think that all the 100 values are sent each time, even if there is only 3 non-null members. Yes, that's bad. The DataDescriptor_t MUST be const. Malloc'ing them and then casting them on argument passing IS NOT OK. This is because we get the number of elements in the array with the sizeof(dd)/sizeof(dd[0]). @CHAR_TYPE: @DOUBLE_TYPE: @FLOAT_TYPE: @INT_TYPE: @LONG_TYPE: @SHORT_TYPE: @UNSIGNED_INT_TYPE: @UNSIGNED_LONG_TYPE: @UNSIGNED_SHORT_TYPE: @STRUCT_TYPE: @type: @repetitions: @type: @repetitions: @offset: @structType: @lastMember: @memberType: @repetitions: