Merge branch 'master' of git+ssh://scm.gforge.inria.fr//gitroot/simgrid/simgrid

[simgrid.git] / doc / doxygen / community.doc

/**
@page community The SimGrid Community

@tableofcontents

SimGrid is a free software, written by a community of people. It
started as a little software to help ourselves in our own research,
and as more people put their input into the pot, it turned into
something that we hope to be valuable to many people. So yes. We hope
that SimGrid is helping you doing what you want, and that you will
join our community of happy simgriders.

@section community_contact Contacting the community

There are several locations where you can connect and discuss about
SimGrid. If you have a question, please have a look at the
documentation and examples first, but if some remain don't hesitate to
ask the community for help. If you do not have a question, just come to us
and say hello! We love earing about how people use SimGrid.

 - For questions or remarks, drop us an email on the
   <a href="mailto:simgrid-user@lists.gforge.inria.fr">User Mailing list</a> 
   (to subscribe, visit the [web interface](http://lists.gforge.inria.fr/mailman/listinfo/simgrid-user));
   you can also check out [our archives](http://lists.gforge.inria.fr/pipermail/simgrid-user/).
   We prefer you to <b>not use private emails</b>. SimGrid is an open
   framework, and you never know who have the time and knowledge to
   answer your question, so please keep messages on the public mailing list.
 - Join us on IRC and ask your question directly on the channel \#simgrid at
   \b irc.debian.org (or use the ugly [web interface](https://webchat.oftc.net/?channels=%23simgrid)
   if you don't have a [real client](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_Internet_Relay_Chat_clients)
   installed).<br>
   Be warned that even if many people are connected to
   the chanel, they may not be staring at their IRC windows.
   So don't be surprised if you don't get an answer in the 
   second, and turn to the mailing lists if nobody seems to be there.
 - Asking your question on [StackOverflow](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/simgrid) is also a good idea, as this
   site is very well indexed. We answer questions there too (don't
   forget to use the SimGrid tag in your question so that we can see
   it), and they remain usable for the next users. 

@section community_giveback Giving back to SimGrid

We are sometimes asked by users how to give back to the project. Here
are some ideas, but if you have new ones, feel free to share them with us.

@subsection contributing_spread Spread the word

There are many ways to help the SimGrid project. The first and most
natural one is to <b>use it for your research, and say so</b>. Cite
the SimGrid framework in your papers and discuss of its advantages with
your colleagues to spread the word. When we ask for new fundings to
sustain the project, the amount of publications enabled by SimGrid is
always the first question we get. The more you use the framework,
the better for us. 

Make sure that your scientific publications using SimGrid actually
cite the [right paper](http://simgrid.gforge.inria.fr/Publications.html).
Also make sure that these citations are correctly listed on 
<a href="http://simgrid.gforge.inria.fr/Usages.html">our list</a>.

You can also <b>help us constituting an active and welcoming user
community</b>. Subscribe to the mailing lists, and answer the
questions that newscomers have if you can. Point them (gently ;) to
the relevant part of the documentation on need, and help them becoming
part of our community too. 

Another easy way to help the project is to add a link to the <a
href="http://simgrid.gforge.inria.fr">SimGrid homepage</a> on your
site to <b>improve SimGrid's ranking in search engines</b>.

Finally, if you organize a scientific event where you expect many
potential users, <b>you can invite us to give a tutorial on SimGrid</b>. We
found that 45 minutes to one hour is very sharp, but doable. It
allows us to explain the main motivations and outcomes of the project in
order to motivate the attendees get more information on SimGrid, and
eventually improve their scientific habits by using a sound simulation
framework.  
<a href="http://people.irisa.fr/Martin.Quinson/blog/2012/1120/Simgrid_at_Louvain/">Here</a>
is an example of such a presentation.

@subsection contributing_bugs Reporting (and fixing) any issue you find

Because of its size and complexity, SimGrid is not perfect and
contains a large amount of glitches and issues. When you find one,
don't assume that it's here because we don't care. It survived only
because nobody told us. We unfortunately cannot endlessly review our
large code and documentation base. So please, <b>report any issue you
find</b>, be it a typo in the documentation, a paragraph that needs to
be reworded, a bug in the code, or any other problem. The best way to
do so is to open an issue on our GitHub's 
<a href="https://github.com/simgrid/simgrid/issues">Bug Tracker</a> so
that we don't forget about it (if you want to put some attachment, you
can use 
[this other bugtracker](https://gforge.inria.fr/tracker/?atid=165&group_id=12&func=browse)
instead). 

The worst way to report such issues is to go through private emails.
These are unreliable, and we are trying to develop SimGrid openly, so
private discussions are to be avoided if possible. 

If you can provide a patch fixing the issue you report, that's even
better. If you cannot, then you need to give us a minimal working
example (MWE), that is a ready to use solution that reproduces the
problem you face. Your bug will take much more time
for us to reproduce and fix if you don't give us the MWE, so you want
to help us helping you to get things efficient.

Of course, a very good way to give back to the SimGrid community is to
<b>triage and fix the bugs in the Bug Tracking Systems</b>. If you
can come up with a patch fixing them, we will be more than happy to
apply your changes so that the whole community enjoys them.

@section community_extend Extending SimGrid and its Ecosystem

@subsection contributing_contrib Contributing features and associated tools

If you deeply miss a feature in the framework, you should consider
implementing it yourself. SimGrid is free software, meaning that you are
free to help yourself. Of course, we'll do our best to assist you in
this task, so don't hesitate to contact us with your idea.

You could write a new plugin extending SimGrid in some way, or a
routing model for another kind of network. But even if you write your own
platform file, this is probably interesting to other users too, and
could be included to SimGrid. Modeling accurately a given platform is
a difficult work, which outcome is very precious to us.

Or maybe you developed an independent tool on top of SimGrid. We'd
love helping you gaining visibility by listing it in our 
<a href="http://simgrid.gforge.inria.fr/contrib.html">Contrib
section</a>. 

@subsection contributing_todo Possible Enhancements

If you want to start working on the SimGrid codebase, here are a few
ideas of things that could be done to improve the current code (not all of them
are difficult, do trust yourself ;)

@subsubsection contributing_todo_cxxification Migration to C++

The code is being migrated to C++ but a large part is still C (or C++ with
C idioms). It would be valuable to replace C idioms with C++ ones:

 - replace XBT structures and C dynamic arrays with C++ containers;

 - replace `char*` strings with `std::string`;

 - use exception-safe RAII (`std::unique_ptr`, etc.) instead of explicit
   `malloc/free` or `new/delete`;

 - use `std::function` (or template functionoid arguments) instead of function
   pointers;

#### Exceptions

SimGrid used to implement exceptions in C. This has been replaced with C++
exceptions but some bits of the C exceptions are still remaining:

 - `xbt_ex` was the type of C exceptions. It is now a standard C++ exception.
    We might want to remove this exception and use a more idiomatic C++
    solution with dedicated exception classes for different errors.
    `std::system_error` might be used as well by replacing some `xbt_errcat_t`
    with custom subclasses of `std::error_category`.

 - The C API currently throws exceptions. Throwing exceptions out of a C API is
   not very friendly. C code does not expect them, cannot catch them and cannot
   handle resource management properly in face of exceptions. We should clearly
   separate the C++ API and the C API and catch all exceptions before they get
   ouf of C APIs.

#### Time and duration

Some support for C++11-style time/duration is implemented (see `chrono.hpp`)
but only available in some (S4U) APIs. It would be nice to add support for
them in the rest of the C++ code.

A related change would be to avoid using "-1" to mean "forever" at least in S4U
and in the internal code. For compatibility, MSG should probably keep this
semantic. We should probably always use separate functions
(`wait` vs `wait_for`).

#### Futures and Promises

 - Some features are missing in the Maestro future implementation
  (`simgrid::kernel::Future`, `simgrid::kernel::Promise`)
  could be extended to support additional features:
  `when_any`, `shared_future`, etc.

 - The corresponding feature might then be implemented in the user process
   futures (`simgrid::simix::Future`).

 - Currently `.then()` is not available for user futures. We would need to add
   a basic user event loop in order to queue the pending continuations.

 - We might need to provide an option to cancel a pending operation. This
   might be achieved by defining some `Action` or `Operation` class with an
   API compatible with `Future` (and convertible to it) but with an
   additional `.cancel()` method.

@subsubsection contributing_todo_smpi SMPI

#### Process-based privatization

Currently, all the simulated processes live in the same process as the SimGrid
simulator. The benefit is that we don't have to do context switches and IPC
between the simulator and the processes.

The fact that they share the same address space means that one memory corruption
in one simulated process can propagate to the other ones and to the SimGrid
simulator itself.

Moreover, the current design for SMPI applications is to compile the MPI code
normally and execute it once per simulated process in the same system process:
This means that all the existing simulated MPI processes share the same virtual
address space and share by default the same global variables. This is not
correct as each MPI process is expected to use its own address space and have
its own global variables. In order to fix, this problem we have an optional
SMPI privatization feature which creates an instanciation of the executable
data segment per MPI process and map the correct one (using `mmap`) at each
context switch.

This approach has many problems:

 1. It is not completely safe. We only handle SMPI privatization for the global
    variables in the execute data segment. Shared objects are ignored but some
    may contain global variables which may need to be privatized:

    - libsimgrid for example must not be privatized because it contains
      shared state for the simulator;

    - libc must not be privatized for the same reason (but some global variables
      in the libc may not be privatized);

    - if we use global variables of some shared object in the executable, this
      global variable will be instanciated in the executable (because of copy
      relocation) and will be privatized even if it shoud not.

 2. We cannot execute the MPI processes in parallel. Only one can execute at
    the same time because only one privatization segment can be mapped at a
    given time.

In order to fix this, the standard solution is to move each MPI process in its
own system process and use IPC to communicate with the simulator. One concern would
be the impact on performance and memory consumption:

 - It would introduce a lot of context switches and IPC communications between
   the MPI processes and the SimGrid simulator. However, currently every context
   switch needs a `mmap` for SMPI privatization which is costly as well
   (TLB flush).

 - Instanciating a lot of processes might consume more memory which might be a
   problem if we want to simulate a lot of MPI processes. Compiling MPI programs
   as static executables with a lightweight libc might help and we might want to
   support that. The SMPI processes should probably not embed all the SimGrid
   simulator and its dependencies, the C++ runtime, etc.

We would need to modify the model-checker as well which currently can only
manage on model-checked process. For the model-checker we can expect some
benefits from this approach: if a process did not execute, we know its state
did not change and we don't need to take its snapshot and compare its state.

Other solutions for this might include:

 - Mapping each MPI process in the process of the simulator but in a different
   symbol namespace (see `dlmopen`). Each process would have its own separate
   instanciation and would not share libraries.

 - Instanciate each MPI process in a separate lightweight VM (for example based
   on WebAssembly) in the simualtor process.

@subsubsection contributing_todo_mc Model-checker

#### Overhaul the state comparison code

The state comparison code is quite complicated. It has very long functions and
is programmed mostly using C idioms and is difficult to understand and debug.
It is in need of an overhaul:

  - cleanup, refactoring, usage of C++ features.

  - The state comparison code works by infering types of blocks allocated on the
    heap by following pointers from known roots (global variables, local
    variables). Usually the first type found for a given block is used even if
    a better one could be found later. By using a first pass of type inference,
    on each snapshot before comparing the states, we might use a better type
    information on the different blocks.

  - We might benefit from adding logic for handling some known types. For
    example, both `std::string` and `std::vector` have a capacity which might
    be larger than the current size of the container. We should ignore
    the corresponding elements when comparing the states and infering the types.

  - Another difficulty in the state comparison code is the detection of
    dangling pointers. We cannot easily know if a pointer is dangling and
    dangling pointers might lead us to choose the wrong type when infering
    heap blocks. We might mitigate this problem by delaying the reallocation of
    a freed block until there is no blocks pointing to it anymore using some
    sort of basic garbage-collector.

#### Hashing the states

In order to speed up the state comparison an idea was to create a hash of the
state. Only states with the same hash would need to be compared using the
state comparison algorithm. Some information should not be inclueded in the
hash in order to avoid considering different states which would otherwise
would have been considered equal.

The states could be indexed by their hash. Currently they are indexed
by the number of processes and the amount of heap currently allocated
(see `DerefAndCompareByNbProcessesAndUsedHeap`).

Good candidate informations for the state hashing:

 - number of processes;

 - their backtraces (instruction addresses);

 - their current simcall numbers;

 - some simcall arguments (eg. number of elements in a waitany);

 - number of pending communications;

 - etc.

Some basic infrastructure for this is already in the code (see `mc_hash.cpp`)
but it is currently disabled.

#### Separate the model-checker code from libsimgrid

#### Interface with the model-checked processes

The model-checker reads many information about the model-checked process
by `process_vm_readv()`-ing brutally the data structure of the model-checked
process leading to some horrible code such as walking a swag from another
process. It prevents us as well from replacing some XBT data structures with
standard C++ ones. We need a sane way to expose the relevant information to
the model-checker.

#### Generic simcalls

We have introduced some generic simcalls which can be used to execute a
callback in SimGrid Maestro context. It makes it a lot easier to interface
the simulated process with the maestro. However, the callbacks for the
model-checker which cannot decide how it should handle them. We would need a
solution for this if we want to be able to replace the simcalls the
model-checker cares about by generic simcalls.

#### Defining an API for writing Model-Checking algorithms

Currently, writing a new model-checking algorithms in SimGridMC is quite
difficult: the logic of the model-checking algorithm is mixed with a lot of
low-level concerns about the way the model-checker is implemented. This makes it
difficult to write new algorithms and difficult to understand, debug, and modify
the existing ones. We need a clean API to express the model-checking algorithms
in a form which is closer to the text-book/paper description. This API must
be exposed in a a language which is more adequate to this task.

Tasks:

  1. Design and implement a clean API to express model-checking algorithms.
     A `Session` class currently exists for this but is not feature complete
     and should probably be rewritten. It should be easy to create bindings
     for different languages on top of this API.

  2. Create a binding to some better suited, dynamic, scripting language
     (e.g., Lua).

  3. Rewrite the existing model-checking algorithms in this language using the
     new API.

*/