3 /* ex - Exception Handling (modified to fit into SimGrid from OSSP version) */
5 /* Copyright (c) 2005-2006 Martin Quinson */
6 /* Copyright (c) 2002-2004 Ralf S. Engelschall <rse@engelschall.com> */
7 /* Copyright (c) 2002-2004 The OSSP Project <http://www.ossp.org/> */
8 /* Copyright (c) 2002-2004 Cable & Wireless <http://www.cw.com/> */
9 /* All rights reserved. */
11 /* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
12 * under the terms of the license (GNU LGPL) which comes with this package. */
17 #include <xbt/sysdep.h>
20 /* do not include execinfo.h directly since it's not always available.
21 Instead, copy the parts we need (and fake when it's not there) */
22 XBT_PUBLIC(int) backtrace (void **__array, int __size);
24 /* required ISO-C standard facilities */
29 /*-*-* Emergency debuging: define this when the exceptions get crazy *-*-*/
33 XBT_PUBLIC(int) gras_os_getpid(void);
34 # define MAYDAY_SAVE(m) printf("%d %s:%d save %p\n", \
35 gras_os_getpid(),__FILE__,__LINE__, \
38 # define MAYDAY_RESTORE(m) printf("%d %s:%d restore %p\n", \
39 gras_os_getpid(),__FILE__,__LINE__, \
42 # define MAYDAY_CATCH(e) printf("%d %s:%d Catched '%s'\n", \
43 gras_os_getpid(),__FILE__,__LINE__, \
47 # define MAYDAY_SAVE(m)
48 # define MAYDAY_RESTORE(m)
49 # define MAYDAY_CATCH(e)
52 /*-*-* end of debugging stuff *-*-*/
54 #if defined(__EX_MCTX_MCSC__)
55 #include <ucontext.h> /* POSIX.1 ucontext(3) */
56 #define __ex_mctx_struct ucontext_t uc;
57 #define __ex_mctx_save(mctx) (getcontext(&(mctx)->uc) == 0)
58 #define __ex_mctx_restored(mctx) /* noop */
59 #define __ex_mctx_restore(mctx) (void)setcontext(&(mctx)->uc)
61 #elif defined(__EX_MCTX_SSJLJ__)
62 #include <setjmp.h> /* POSIX.1 sigjmp_buf(3) */
63 #define __ex_mctx_struct sigjmp_buf jb;
64 #define __ex_mctx_save(mctx) (sigsetjmp((mctx)->jb, 1) == 0)
65 #define __ex_mctx_restored(mctx) /* noop */
66 #define __ex_mctx_restore(mctx) (void)siglongjmp((mctx)->jb, 1)
68 #elif defined(__EX_MCTX_SJLJ__) || !defined(__EX_MCTX_CUSTOM__) || defined(__EX_MAYDAY)
69 #include <setjmp.h> /* ISO-C jmp_buf(3) */
70 #define __ex_mctx_struct jmp_buf jb;
71 #define __ex_mctx_save(mctx) ( MAYDAY_SAVE(mctx) setjmp((mctx)->jb) == 0)
72 #define __ex_mctx_restored(mctx) /* noop */
73 #define __ex_mctx_restore(mctx) ( MAYDAY_RESTORE(mctx) (void)longjmp((mctx)->jb, 1))
76 /* declare the machine context type */
77 typedef struct { __ex_mctx_struct } __ex_mctx_t;
79 /** @addtogroup XBT_ex
80 * @brief A set of macros providing exception a la C++ in ANSI C (grounding feature)
82 * This module is a small ISO-C++ style exception handling library
83 * for use in the ISO-C language. It allows you to use the paradigm
84 * of throwing and catching exceptions in order to reduce the amount
85 * of error handling code without hindering program robustness.
87 * This is achieved by directly transferring exceptional return codes
88 * (and the program control flow) from the location where the exception
89 * is raised (throw point) to the location where it is handled (catch
90 * point) -- usually from a deeply nested sub-routine to a parent
91 * routine. All intermediate routines no longer have to make sure that
92 * the exceptional return codes from sub-routines are correctly passed
95 * These features are brought to you by a modified version of the libex
96 * library, one of the numerous masterpiece of Ralf S. Engelschall.
98 * \htmlonly <div class="toc">\endhtmlonly
100 * @section XBT_ex_toc TABLE OF CONTENTS
102 * - \ref XBT_ex_intro
104 * - \ref XBT_ex_pitfalls
106 * \htmlonly </div> \endhtmlonly
108 * @section XBT_ex_intro DESCRIPTION
110 * In SimGrid, an exception is a triple <\a msg , \a category , \a value>
111 * where \a msg is a human-readable text describing the exceptional
112 * condition, \a code an integer describing what went wrong and \a value
113 * providing a sort of sub-category. (this is different in the original libex).
115 * @section XBT_ex_base BASIC USAGE
117 * \em TRY \b TRIED_BLOCK [\em CLEANUP \b CLEANUP_BLOCK] \em CATCH (variable) \b CATCH_BLOCK
119 * This is the primary syntactical construct provided. It is modeled after the
120 * ISO-C++ try-catch clause and should sound familiar to most of you.
122 * Any exception thrown directly from the TRIED_BLOCK block or from called
123 * subroutines is caught. Cleanups which must be done after this block
124 * (whenever an exception arised or not) should be placed into the optionnal
125 * CLEANUP_BLOCK. The code dealing with the exceptions when they arise should
126 * be placed into the (mandatory) CATCH_BLOCK.
129 * In absence of exception, the control flow goes into the blocks TRIED_BLOCK
130 * and CLEANUP_BLOCK (if present); The CATCH_BLOCK block is then ignored.
132 * When an exception is thrown, the control flow goes through the following
133 * blocks: TRIED_BLOCK (up to the statement throwing the exception),
134 * CLEANUP_BLOCK (if any) and CATCH_BLOCK. The exception is stored in a
135 * variable for inspection inside the CATCH_BLOCK. This variable must be
136 * declared in the outter scope, but its value is only valid within the
140 * - TRY, CLEANUP and CATCH cannot be used separately, they work
141 * only in combination and form a language clause as a whole.
142 * - In contrast to the syntax of other languages (such as C++ or Jave) there
143 * is only one CATCH block and not multiple ones (all exceptions are
144 * of the same \em xbt_ex_t C type).
145 * - the variable of CATCH can naturally be reused in subsequent
147 * - it is possible to nest TRY clauses.
149 * The TRY block is a regular ISO-C language statement block, but
151 * <center><b>it is not
152 * allowed to jump into it via "goto" or longjmp(3) or out of it via "break",
153 * "return", "goto" or longjmp(3)</b>.</center>
155 * This is because there is some hidden setup and
156 * cleanup that needs to be done regardless of whether an exception is
157 * caught. Bypassing these steps will break the exception handling facility.
158 * The symptom are likely to be a segfault at the next exception raising point,
159 * ie far away from the point where you did the mistake. If you suspect
160 * that kind of error in your code, have a look at the little script
161 * <tt>tools/xbt_exception_checker</tt> in the CVS. It extracts all the TRY
162 * blocks from a set of C files you give it and display them (and only
163 * them) on the standard output. You can then grep for the forbidden
164 * keywords on that output.
166 * The CLEANUP and CATCH blocks are regular ISO-C language statement
167 * blocks without any restrictions. You are even allowed to throw (and, in the
168 * CATCH block, to re-throw) exceptions.
170 * There is one subtle detail you should remember about TRY blocks:
171 * Variables used in the CLEANUP or CATCH clauses must be declared with
172 * the storage class "volatile", otherwise they might contain outdated
173 * information if an exception is thrown.
176 * This is because you usually do not know which commands in the TRY
177 * were already successful before the exception was thrown (logically speaking)
178 * and because the underlying ISO-C setjmp(3) facility applies those
179 * restrictions (technically speaking). As a matter of fact, value changes
180 * between the TRY and the THROW may be discarded if you forget the
181 * "volatile" keyword.
183 * \section XBT_ex_pitfalls PROGRAMMING PITFALLS
185 * Exception handling is a very elegant and efficient way of dealing with
186 * exceptional situation. Nevertheless it requires additional discipline in
187 * programming and there are a few pitfalls one must be aware of. Look the
188 * following code which shows some pitfalls and contains many errors (assuming
189 * a mallocex() function which throws an exception if malloc(3) fails):
193 * \until end_of_bad_example
195 * This example raises a few issues:
196 * -# \b variable \b scope \n
197 * Variables which are used in the CLEANUP or CATCH clauses must be
198 * declared before the TRY clause, otherwise they only exist inside the
199 * TRY block. In the example above, cp1, cp2 and cp3 only exist in the
200 * TRY block and are invisible from the CLEANUP and CATCH
202 * -# \b variable \b initialization \n
203 * Variables which are used in the CLEANUP or CATCH clauses must
204 * be initialized before the point of the first possible THROW is
205 * reached. In the example above, CLEANUP would have trouble using cp3
206 * if mallocex() throws a exception when allocating a TOOBIG buffer.
207 * -# \b volatile \b variable \n
208 * Variables which are used in the CLEANUP or CATCH clauses MUST BE
209 * DECLARED AS "volatile", otherwise they might contain outdated
210 * information when an exception is thrown.
211 * -# \b clean \b before \b catch \n
212 * The CLEANUP clause is not only place before the CATCH clause in
213 * the source code, it also occures before in the control flow. So,
214 * resources being cleaned up cannot be used in the CATCH block. In the
215 * example, c3 gets freed before the printf placed in CATCH.
216 * -# \b variable \b uninitialization \n
217 * If resources are passed out of the scope of the
218 * TRY/CLEANUP/CATCH construct, they naturally shouldn't get
219 * cleaned up. The example above does free(3) cp1 in CLEANUP although
220 * its value was affected to globalcontext->first, invalidating this
223 * The following is fixed version of the code (annotated with the pitfall items
227 * \until end_of_good_example
232 /* we need this symbol here, even if it breaks a bit the module separation */
233 XBT_PUBLIC(long) int gras_os_getpid(void);
235 /** @brief different kind of errors */
237 unknown_error=0, /**< unknown error */
238 arg_error, /**< Invalid argument */
239 mismatch_error, /**< The provided ID does not match */
240 not_found_error, /**< The searched element was not found */
242 system_error, /**< a syscall did fail */
243 network_error, /**< error while sending/receiving data */
244 timeout_error, /**< not quick enough, dude */
245 thread_error /**< error while [un]locking */
248 XBT_PUBLIC(const char *) xbt_ex_catname(xbt_errcat_t cat);
250 /** @brief Structure describing an exception */
252 char *msg; /**< human readable message */
253 xbt_errcat_t category; /**< category like HTTP (what went wrong) */
254 int value; /**< like errno (why did it went wrong) */
256 short int remote; /**< whether it was raised remotely */
257 char *host; /**< NULL locally thrown exceptions; full hostname if remote ones */
258 /* FIXME: host should be hostname:port[#thread] */
259 char *procname; /**< Name of the process who thrown this */
260 long int pid; /**< PID of the process who thrown this */
261 char *file; /**< Thrown point */
262 int line; /**< Thrown point */
263 char *func; /**< Thrown point */
266 char **bt_strings; /* only filed on display (or before the network propagation) */
267 void *bt[XBT_BACKTRACE_SIZE];
270 /* declare the context type (private) */
272 __ex_mctx_t *ctx_mctx; /* permanent machine context of enclosing try/catch */
273 volatile int ctx_caught; /* temporary flag whether exception was caught */
274 volatile xbt_ex_t ctx_ex; /* temporary exception storage */
277 /* the static and dynamic initializers for a context structure */
278 #define XBT_CTX_INITIALIZER \
279 { NULL, 0, { /* content */ NULL, unknown_error, 0, \
280 /* throw point*/ 0,NULL, NULL,0, NULL, 0, NULL,\
281 /* backtrace */ 0,NULL,{NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL} } }
282 #define XBT_CTX_INITIALIZE(ctx) \
284 (ctx)->ctx_mctx = NULL; \
285 (ctx)->ctx_caught = 0; \
286 (ctx)->ctx_ex.msg = NULL; \
287 (ctx)->ctx_ex.category = 0; \
288 (ctx)->ctx_ex.value = 0; \
289 (ctx)->ctx_ex.remote = 0; \
290 (ctx)->ctx_ex.host = NULL; \
291 (ctx)->ctx_ex.procname = NULL; \
292 (ctx)->ctx_ex.pid = 0; \
293 (ctx)->ctx_ex.file = NULL; \
294 (ctx)->ctx_ex.line = 0; \
295 (ctx)->ctx_ex.func = NULL; \
296 (ctx)->ctx_ex.bt[0] = NULL; \
297 (ctx)->ctx_ex.bt[1] = NULL; \
298 (ctx)->ctx_ex.bt[2] = NULL; \
299 (ctx)->ctx_ex.bt[3] = NULL; \
300 (ctx)->ctx_ex.bt[4] = NULL; \
301 (ctx)->ctx_ex.bt[5] = NULL; \
302 (ctx)->ctx_ex.bt[6] = NULL; \
303 (ctx)->ctx_ex.bt[7] = NULL; \
304 (ctx)->ctx_ex.bt[8] = NULL; \
305 (ctx)->ctx_ex.bt[9] = NULL; \
306 (ctx)->ctx_ex.used = 0; \
307 (ctx)->ctx_ex.bt_strings = NULL; \
310 /* the exception context */
311 typedef ex_ctx_t *(*ex_ctx_cb_t)(void);
312 XBT_PUBLIC_DATA(ex_ctx_cb_t) __xbt_ex_ctx;
313 extern ex_ctx_t *__xbt_ex_ctx_default(void);
315 /* the termination handler */
316 typedef void (*ex_term_cb_t)(xbt_ex_t *);
317 XBT_PUBLIC_DATA(ex_term_cb_t) __xbt_ex_terminate;
318 extern void __xbt_ex_terminate_default(xbt_ex_t *e);
320 /** @brief Introduce a block where exception may be dealed with
325 ex_ctx_t *__xbt_ex_ctx_ptr = __xbt_ex_ctx(); \
326 int __ex_cleanup = 0; \
327 __ex_mctx_t *__ex_mctx_en; \
328 __ex_mctx_t __ex_mctx_me; \
329 __ex_mctx_en = __xbt_ex_ctx_ptr->ctx_mctx; \
330 __xbt_ex_ctx_ptr->ctx_mctx = &__ex_mctx_me; \
331 if (__ex_mctx_save(&__ex_mctx_me)) { \
334 /** @brief optional(!) block for cleanup
340 __xbt_ex_ctx_ptr->ctx_caught = 0; \
342 __ex_mctx_restored(&__ex_mctx_me); \
343 __xbt_ex_ctx_ptr->ctx_caught = 1; \
345 __xbt_ex_ctx_ptr->ctx_mctx = __ex_mctx_en; \
352 # define XBT_EX_T_CPLUSPLUSCAST (xbt_ex_t&)
354 # define XBT_EX_T_CPLUSPLUSCAST
358 /** @brief the block for catching (ie, deal with) an exception
364 if (!(__ex_cleanup)) \
365 __xbt_ex_ctx_ptr->ctx_caught = 0; \
367 if (!(__ex_cleanup)) { \
368 __ex_mctx_restored(&__ex_mctx_me); \
369 __xbt_ex_ctx_ptr->ctx_caught = 1; \
372 __xbt_ex_ctx_ptr->ctx_mctx = __ex_mctx_en; \
374 if ( !(__xbt_ex_ctx()->ctx_caught) \
375 || ((e) = XBT_EX_T_CPLUSPLUSCAST __xbt_ex_ctx()->ctx_ex, MAYDAY_CATCH(e) 0)) { \
379 #define DO_THROW(e) \
380 /* deal with the exception */ \
381 if (__xbt_ex_ctx()->ctx_mctx == NULL) \
382 __xbt_ex_terminate((xbt_ex_t *)&(e)); /* not catched */\
384 __ex_mctx_restore(__xbt_ex_ctx()->ctx_mctx); /* catched somewhere */ \
385 abort()/* nope, stupid GCC, we won't survive a THROW (this won't be reached) */
387 /** @brief Helper macro for THROWS0-6
390 * @param c: category code (integer)
391 * @param v: value (integer)
392 * @param m: message text
394 * If called from within a TRY/CATCH construct, this exception
395 * is copied into the CATCH relevant variable program control flow
396 * is derouted to the CATCH (after the optional sg_cleanup).
398 * If no TRY/CATCH construct embeeds this call, the program calls
401 * The THROW can be performed everywhere, including inside TRY,
402 * CLEANUP and CATCH blocks.
405 #define _THROW(c,v,m) \
406 do { /* change this sequence into one block */ \
407 /* build the exception */ \
408 __xbt_ex_ctx()->ctx_ex.msg = (m); \
409 __xbt_ex_ctx()->ctx_ex.category = (xbt_errcat_t)(c); \
410 __xbt_ex_ctx()->ctx_ex.value = (v); \
411 __xbt_ex_ctx()->ctx_ex.remote = 0; \
412 __xbt_ex_ctx()->ctx_ex.host = (char*)NULL; \
413 __xbt_ex_ctx()->ctx_ex.procname = (char*)xbt_procname(); \
414 __xbt_ex_ctx()->ctx_ex.pid = gras_os_getpid(); \
415 __xbt_ex_ctx()->ctx_ex.file = (char*)__FILE__; \
416 __xbt_ex_ctx()->ctx_ex.line = __LINE__; \
417 __xbt_ex_ctx()->ctx_ex.func = (char*)_XBT_FUNCTION; \
418 __xbt_ex_ctx()->ctx_ex.used = backtrace((void**)__xbt_ex_ctx()->ctx_ex.bt,XBT_BACKTRACE_SIZE);\
419 __xbt_ex_ctx()->ctx_ex.bt_strings = NULL; \
420 DO_THROW(__xbt_ex_ctx()->ctx_ex);\
423 /** @brief Builds and throws an exception with a string taking no arguments
425 #define THROW0(c,v,m) _THROW(c,v,(m?bprintf(m):NULL))
426 /** @brief Builds and throws an exception with a string taking one argument
428 #define THROW1(c,v,m,a1) _THROW(c,v,bprintf(m,a1))
429 /** @brief Builds and throws an exception with a string taking two arguments
431 #define THROW2(c,v,m,a1,a2) _THROW(c,v,bprintf(m,a1,a2))
432 /** @brief Builds and throws an exception with a string taking three arguments
434 #define THROW3(c,v,m,a1,a2,a3) _THROW(c,v,bprintf(m,a1,a2,a3))
435 /** @brief Builds and throws an exception with a string taking four arguments
437 #define THROW4(c,v,m,a1,a2,a3,a4) _THROW(c,v,bprintf(m,a1,a2,a3,a4))
438 /** @brief Builds and throws an exception with a string taking five arguments
440 #define THROW5(c,v,m,a1,a2,a3,a4,a5) _THROW(c,v,bprintf(m,a1,a2,a3,a4,a5))
441 /** @brief Builds and throws an exception with a string taking six arguments
443 #define THROW6(c,v,m,a1,a2,a3,a4,a5,a6) _THROW(c,v,bprintf(m,a1,a2,a3,a4,a5,a6))
444 /** @brief Builds and throws an exception with a string taking seven arguments
446 #define THROW7(c,v,m,a1,a2,a3,a4,a5,a6,a7) _THROW(c,v,bprintf(m,a1,a2,a3,a4,a5,a6,a7))
448 #define THROW_IMPOSSIBLE THROW0(unknown_error,0,"The Impossible Did Happen (yet again)")
449 #define THROW_UNIMPLEMENTED THROW1(unknown_error,0,"Function %s unimplemented",_XBT_FUNCTION)
452 # define DIE_IMPOSSIBLE xbt_assert0(0,"The Impossible Did Happen (yet again)")
454 # define DIE_IMPOSSIBLE exit(1);
457 /** @brief re-throwing of an already caught exception (ie, pass it to the upper catch block)
462 if (__xbt_ex_ctx()->ctx_mctx == NULL) \
463 __xbt_ex_terminate((xbt_ex_t *)&(__xbt_ex_ctx()->ctx_ex)); \
465 __ex_mctx_restore(__xbt_ex_ctx()->ctx_mctx); \
471 #define _XBT_PRE_RETHROW \
473 char *_xbt_ex_internal_msg = __xbt_ex_ctx()->ctx_ex.msg; \
474 __xbt_ex_ctx()->ctx_ex.msg = bprintf(
475 #define _XBT_POST_RETHROW \
476 _xbt_ex_internal_msg); \
477 free(_xbt_ex_internal_msg); \
482 /** @brief like THROW0, but adding some details to the message of an existing exception
485 #define RETHROW0(msg) _XBT_PRE_RETHROW msg, _XBT_POST_RETHROW
486 /** @brief like THROW1, but adding some details to the message of an existing exception
489 #define RETHROW1(msg,a) _XBT_PRE_RETHROW msg,a, _XBT_POST_RETHROW
490 /** @brief like THROW2, but adding some details to the message of an existing exception
493 #define RETHROW2(msg,a,b) _XBT_PRE_RETHROW msg,a,b, _XBT_POST_RETHROW
494 /** @brief like THROW3, but adding some details to the message of an existing exception
497 #define RETHROW3(msg,a,b,c) _XBT_PRE_RETHROW msg,a,b,c, _XBT_POST_RETHROW
498 /** @brief like THROW4, but adding some details to the message of an existing exception
501 #define RETHROW4(msg,a,b,c,d) _XBT_PRE_RETHROW msg,a,b,c,d, _XBT_POST_RETHROW
502 /** @brief like THROW5, but adding some details to the message of an existing exception
505 #define RETHROW5(msg,a,b,c,d,e) _XBT_PRE_RETHROW msg,a,b,c,d,e, _XBT_POST_RETHROW
507 /** @brief Exception destructor */
508 XBT_PUBLIC(void) xbt_ex_free(xbt_ex_t e);
510 XBT_PUBLIC(void) xbt_ex_display(xbt_ex_t *e);
511 XBT_PUBLIC(void) xbt_backtrace_display(void);
514 #endif /* __XBT_EX_H__ */